Sentences with phrase «ozone levels between»

decline in ozone levels between 1980 and 2007.

decline in ozone levels between 1980 and 2007.

Not exact matches

Industrial emissions of a chemical commonly used in solvents, paint removers, and the production of pharmaceuticals have doubled in the past few years, researchers have found, which could slow the healing of the ozone layer over Antarctica anywhere between 5 and 30 years — or even longer if levels continue to rise.

Ground - level ozone is a secondary pollutant, meaning that it is not emitted directly, but forms when sunlight triggers reactions between natural and human - caused chemical emissions, known as ozone precursor gases.

Press reports last weekend revealed that, locally and for short periods, ozone levels in the upper atmosphere fell during the past month to between 10 and 40 per cent below normal as far south as Shetland.

In a forthcoming paper in Physical Review Letters, they report a strong correlation between cosmic ray intensity and ozone depletion across different levels of the atmosphere and different latitudes.

The glider will carry instruments to measure levels of aerosols and greenhouse gases, including ozone, methane and water vapour, and will gather information on the exchange of gases and energy between the two lower layers of Earth's atmosphere: the troposphere and the stratosphere.

The researchers estimate that cutting those 14 together could avoid between 700,000 and 4.7 million premature deaths (largely from smoky, unhealthy air) and increase crop yields by between 30 million and 135 million metric tons (due to concomitant reductions in ground - level ozone, otherwise known as smog, which forms from fugitive methane and blights crops in Brazil, China, India, the U.S. and elsewhere).

The ozone measurements, taken between 2 and 6 miles in altitude (3 - 10 kilometers) over a large part of the eastern Indian Ocean, were as high as 80 parts per billion - levels similar to a polluted day in a U.S. city and several times more than normal.

The study — complete details of which have been published in the journal Nature Geoscience — further revealed that the ozone levels in the atmospheric troposphere above China have increased by 7 percent between 2005 and 2010.

Ozone should recover to its pre-1980 levels by the middle of this century and slightly later for Antarctica where the protective gas layer gets extremely thin between August and December every year, the WMO reportedly said, adding that the process can be speeded up by almost 11 years if existing stocks of ozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destrOzone should recover to its pre-1980 levels by the middle of this century and slightly later for Antarctica where the protective gas layer gets extremely thin between August and December every year, the WMO reportedly said, adding that the process can be speeded up by almost 11 years if existing stocks of ozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destrozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destroyed.

In a cooperative effort between Duke and Duke Kunshan University, researchers found higher exposure to ground - level ozone led to higher blood pressure and blood platelet activation — risk factors for cardiovascular health.

In addition, ground - level ozone (O3) and secondary particulate matter are often referred to among the CAC because they both are by - products of chemical reactions between the CACs that take place in the atmosphere.

[3] Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.

Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).

We've expressed puzzlement that the agency wants to impose more stringent standards when the existing ones are working — lowering ozone levels 18 percent between 2000 and 2013 according to EPA's own data.

The link between ground - level ozone and crop damage mentioned above is one example, but there are many others.

The proposed new standard would cut the allowable threshold for ground - level ozone to between 65 and 70 parts per billion, down from the current 75 parts per billion.

After all, the scientific assessment that the safe level of ozone should be lowered to somewhere between 60 and 70 parts per billion hasn't changed.

Smog, also known as ground - level ozone, is formed by a reaction between sunlight and pollution from car tailpipes, power plants and factories, fumes from volatile solvents and gasoline vapors.

Atmospheric scientists previously observed that levels of ozone - depleting CFCs were falling in the stratosphere (the level of atmosphere between 5 and 30 miles up in the sky) above Antarctica.

I see from Joanna Haigh's work that ozone reactions do seem to be at the heart of it and in particular the region at 45Km near the top of the stratosphere where there appears to be an unexpected disjunction between the ozone reactions above and below that level.

For example, chapter ten, «Ice melts, sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates of sea level rise in the present century, estimates of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence of past oceanic high - water marks and glacial extents, the dynamics of ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.»

«They found correlations between high levels of ozone and nitrogen dioxide and the incidence of appendicitis between age groups and genders.»

EPA data shows ozone levels declined 18 percent between 2008 and 2013.

EPA data shows ground - level ozone in the U.S. dropped 18 percent between 2000 and 2013.