These are incorporated based upon prior work using (1) the surface
ozone response to methane emissions changes from two global composition - climate models, (2) the impact of
ozone on yields of four staple
crops, wheat, maize, soy and rice, based
on the methodology of Van Dingenen et al. (2009), and (3) their valuation using world market prices, as described in Shindell et al. (2012a).