«SOAs can come from
ozone reactions with numerous sources, especially with compounds called terpenes that produce the scents we associate with cleaners, pine, lavender, and oranges,» Waring said.
By knowing the volume flow rate and temperature, the electrical current can be converted to an ozone concentration under the assumption that
the ozone reaction with potassium iodide is quantitatively known.
Not exact matches
«Anytime you introduce even initially unreactive surfaces into the stratosphere, you get
reactions that ultimately result in
ozone destruction as they are coated
with sulfuric acid,» said Keutsch.
In Zatko's case, she says the support did produce a finding that could benefit society at large: She concluded that chemical
reactions in snow were making only a minimal contribution to the region's
ozone pollution, compared
with emissions coming from natural gas drilling.
The Berkeley Lab team has done previous studies establishing the formation of harmful thirdhand smoke constituents by
reaction of nicotine
with indoor nitrous acid, showing that nicotine can react
with ozone to form potentially harmful ultrafine particles, and finding that thirdhand smoke can cause genetic damage in human cells.
Shiraiwa, M., Sosedova, Y., Rouvière, A., Yang, H, Zhang, Y., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., and Pöschl, U.: The role of longlived reactive oxygen intermediates in the
reaction of
ozone with aerosol particles, Nature Chemistry, 3, 291 - 295, 2011.
The
ozone season is selected because it is the part of the year
with highest temperatures and strongest solar radiation and thus the time when photochemical
reactions of
ozone precursor gases are most likely to produce high
ozone levels (Rice, 2014).
The team observed that warmer temperatures significantly increase production of
ozone, a colorless toxic gas, due to the
reactions of certain chemical compounds
with nitrogen oxides — greenhouse gases that come from vehicle tailpipes and power plant smokestacks.
Methods: In this new approach, the team began
with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the
reactions of
ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant,
with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange trees.
However, since most chemical
reactions are enhanced by warmer temperatures, as are many air pollutant emissions, warmer temperatures may lead to worsening of air quality, particularly
with respect to tropospheric
ozone (see Ch.
If you knew the slightest thing about the problem
with ozone destroying chemicals, of which the chlorinated freons were prime culprits, you would know that they were a problem because they were supremely stable in the lower atmosphere (pure chlorine not so at all), and were able to transport chlorine to the
ozone layer (unlike natural chlorine compounds), whereupon UV light broke them down, released the chlorine, starting a chain
reaction destroying the
ozone.
The destruction of
ozone by CFC compounds requires cold conditions because at these temperatures acidic gases (hydrochloric and sulphuric acid) condense to form ice crystals and surface chemistry
reactions with CFCs occur liberating the
ozone destroying halogen radicals.
Subsequently, as a result of comments from critics, I thought it might more likely be something to do
with ozone reactions because the earlier proposal seemed unlikely to be powerful enough on its own.
Simulations
with GCMs by Stevenson et al. (2000) and Grewe et al. (2001) for the 21st century indicate a decrease in the lifetime of tropospheric
ozone as increasing water vapour enhances the dominant
ozone sink from the oxygen radical in the 1D excited state (O (1D)-RRB- plus water (H2O)
reaction.
Possibly also the number of chemical
reactions in the upper atmosphere increases due to the increased solar effects
with faster destruction of
ozone.
Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially
with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous
reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like
ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption,
with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related
with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.