A total of 547 consecutive pregnant women presenting for their first prenatal visit were randomized to receive one of two distinct educational
packs about infant feeding, one containing formula company produced materials (commercial) and the other containing materials with similar subject matter but selected to eliminate all forms of formula advertising (noncommercial).
Obstacles to initiation and continuation of breastfeeding include insufficient prenatal education
about breastfeeding132, 133; disruptive hospital policies and practices134; inappropriate interruption of breastfeeding135; early hospital discharge in some populations136; lack of timely routine follow - up care and postpartum home health visits137; maternal employment138, 139 (especially in the absence of workplace facilities and support for breastfeeding) 140; lack of family and broad societal support141; media portrayal of bottle
feeding as normative142; commercial promotion of
infant formula through distribution of hospital discharge
packs, coupons for free or discounted formula, and some television and general magazine advertising143, 144; misinformation; and lack of guidance and encouragement from health care professionals.135, 145,146