Sentences with phrase «pairs of chromosomes which»

The germline nucleus contains 5 pairs of chromosomes which encode the heritable information passed down from one sexual generation to the next.

Defective genes can be caused by mutations in either the maternally - inherited mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) or more frequently, the genes located on the autosomes, the 23 pairs of chromosomes which are responsible for all traits and all other genetic diseases.

Not exact matches

Named for the 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up humankind, this company — which touts its «FDA standards for clinical and scientific validity» — offers genetic health risk and carrier status reports, gives ancestry percentages down to 0.1 percent, and the opt - in ability to join the DNA Relative Finder.

These cells are sent to a reference lab and analyzed to determine which embryos have the normal 22 pairs of chromosomes (autosomes), as well as the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the baby, for a total of 23 pairs.

Lu's team will extract immune cells called T cells from the blood of the enrolled patients, and then use CRISPR — Cas9 technology — which pairs a molecular guide able to identify specific genetic sequences on a chromosome with an enzyme that can snip the chromosome at that spot — to knock out a gene in the cells.

Several other technical advances helped, including the development of huge yeast artificial chromosomes, so - called «megaYACs», which can store up to 1.4 million pairs of DNA in one big chunk — 35 times more than can be stored in bacteria, the conventional way to clone DNA.

To illustrate, Peltonen drew two pairs of human chromosomes, which were shaped something like swallowtail butterflies.

Failure has often struck at the stage of meiosis, a type of cell division during which paired chromosomes swap DNA and the number of chromosomes per cell is halved.

Another is involved in X chromosome inactivation, which ensures that females don't get a double dose of proteins made by genes housed on their pair of X chromosomes.

In a chromosomal inversion, the order of the base pairs on the chromosome are reversed so the gene doesn't express properly and the sufferer lacks the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene, which causes blood to clot in healthy people.

Recombination refers to the formation of new combinations of genes naturally during meiosis, which is a stage of the cell cycle where chromosomes pair up and undergo exchange.

Because a trisomic cell contains two copies of a chromosome from one parent and one copy of that chromosome from the other parent, one in three embryos which revert from trisomy to disomy will end up with a pair of chromosomes from just one parent.

The mistakes often happen during an exchange of genetic material between the partners of each pair of chromosomes, known as crossing over, which occurs in the cells of the testes and ovaries destined to become sperm or eggs.

In meiosis, which is required in sexual reproduction, one diploid cell (having two instances of each chromosome, one from each parent) undergoes recombination of each pair of parental chromosomes, and then two stages of cell division, resulting in four haploid cells (gametes).

Forms of variation include single DNA base pair alterations, duplications or deletions of genes or sets of genes, and translocations, a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably linked to another chromosome.

A nucleotide is the basic unit of nucleic acid, which is found in the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body.

With lizards, sex is differentiated in two ways: on the basis of chromosome pairs (XY and ZW) and on the basis of a temperature - sensitive system (which is to say that sex is determined by temperature).

In addition to the large CNV mutations they had spotted earlier, they also found de novo changes in single base pairs of DNA — known as single - nucleotide variants (SNVs)-- and small de novo insertions or deletions in chromosomes, all of which made the picture even more complex.

Chromosomes occur in pairs, each of which has a gene for a particular trait at the same location.