"Pandemic influenza" refers to a type of contagious illness caused by a specific strain of the influenza virus that spreads widely across different regions or countries. It is an outbreak of flu that can affect many people and can spread rapidly, causing severe illness and potentially leading to a global health crisis.
Full definition
The new study, published in Eurosurveillance, concludes that each infected person infects between 2.2 and 3.1 others, a «reproduction ratio» in keeping with those of other
pandemic influenza viruses.
The viruses were isolated from the first two fatal cases
of pandemic influenza in the country and one patient with severe illness.
Studies of live
pandemic influenza vaccines in the older group had not been done before and are important because that is the age group most susceptible to severe disease from H7N9 influenza.
The TSRI scientists discovered the fundamental mechanism of the S1PR1 receptor, developed the chemical tools to synthesize both agonists and antagonists of the receptor, discovered the role of the receptor in the immune system's «cytokine storm»
in pandemic influenza, and investigated the role of the receptor in type 1 diabetes.
Potential
pandemic influenza strain H7N9's gracile structure is captured in a negatively stained transmission electron migrograph (TEM).
Further testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed the isolates
as pandemic influenza H1N1.
On October 8, 2009, Oregon State University's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory presumptively diagnosed
pandemic influenza H1N1 by PCR from the nasal secretions of the ferret.
His ongoing research projects include programs to develop adjuvants for use with
H5N1 pandemic influenza antigens as well as West Nile Virus vaccines.
Human infections with new influenza viruses, against which the human population has little to no immunity, are concerning when they occur and are capable of presenting
pandemic influenza threats.
One of the organization's main worries is that limiting access to the research results and the virus would flout the
new pandemic influenza preparedness (PIP) framework, agreed to earlier this year after 4 years of often - acrimonious debate.
Overall the
inactivated pandemic influenza vaccines used in the 2009 pandemic were effective in preventing laboratory - confirmed illness and hospitalisation.
This suggests that a greater understanding of the mechanisms that drive inter-pandemic influenza epidemics may increase our capacity to predict the timing of major outbreaks associated with
novel pandemic influenza viruses in the future.
In clinical trials, several candidate
H7N9 pandemic influenza vaccines made from inactivated viruses have been shown to be safe and to generate an immune response.
In recent years, highly publicized public health threats
like pandemic influenza have helped many realize the fundamental linkages between veterinary medicine and human health.
A recent 2015 report by the UK's Cabinet Office, National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies,
identified Pandemic Influenza as the highest priority natural hazards risk.
The relationship between humidity and
pandemic influenza transmission found in this study is consistent with the relationship observed for seasonal influenza.
In the last 10 years, outbreaks of
potentially pandemic influenza, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Ebola, and Zika have threatened populations around the world.
Researchers at the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, with their collaborators have shown that first Tamiflu
resistant pandemic influenza pH1N1 viruses have emerged in Finland.
The US government says it is taking swift measures to contain the swine influenza outbreak that threatens to turn into a pandemic
Her research yields critical insights into infectious diseases of the developing world such as elephantiasis and river blindness, as well as seasonal and
pandemic influenza outbreaks worldwide.
It is important to integrate this influenza pandemic planning with your organization's existing business continuity and emergency response plans and / or the
CIKR Pandemic Influenza Guide's comprehensive framework for influenza pandemic catastrophic planning.
From 2006 to 2008, Dr. Averill worked for the Michigan Department of Community Health as Deputy Coordinator
for Pandemic Influenza.
Thus, avian A / H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for
human pandemic influenza.
Her research involves preclinical immunology and efficacy of vaccines against
H5N1 pandemic influenza, malaria, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis using mouse, ferret and guinea pig models.
The researchers found 38 studies published between June 2011 and April 2016 that measured the effectiveness of the inactivated
pandemic influenza vaccines, covering a population of more than 7.6 m people.
But one thing is predictable:
pandemic influenza viruses come in waves that typically peak about 6 to 7 weeks after they begin to climb.
«Although billions have been spent on oseltamivir in the face
of pandemic influenza,» the journal states, investigators «found that the public evidence base for this global public health drug was fragmented and inconsistent».
«Although this is preclinical work, the strategy warrants further investigation because it holds promise as a simple, economical way to overcome the major limitation of current flu vaccination strategies and may provide broad protection against seasonal and
pandemic influenza,» added Elliott.
SHEA and CDC collaborated in 2016 to form the Outbreak Response Training Program to guide healthcare epidemiologists in how to maximize their facilities» preparedness and response efforts to combat outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika,
pandemic influenza, and other infectious diseases.
Among hazards prompting the highest concerns were
pandemic influenza, hurricanes, and earthquakes, while the hazards prompting the least concerns were oil spills, anthrax attack, or cyber attacks on critical infrastructure.
The results showed that
pandemic influenza vaccines produced globally during the 2009 - 10 pandemic were largely effective in reducing illness and hospitalisation.
Many individual studies have looked at how effective the available vaccines were at preventing illness and hospitalisation caused by
the pandemic influenza strain but up until now no - one has summarised all the available data.
Overall,
pandemic influenza vaccines were found to be 73 per cent effective at preventing laboratory - confirmed influenza illness and 61 per cent effective at preventing hospitalisation in the population as a whole.
Next up will be a more useful target — potent versions of small protein inhibitors that bind to and block the 1918
pandemic influenza virus
To test the validity of the method, a second study examined 10 key hazards under the purview of the Department, including earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados,
pandemic influenza, nuclear detonation, explosive bombing, anthrax attack, cyber-attack on critical infrastructure, accidents involving toxic industrial chemicals, and oil spills.
In 2009, a global collaboration of scientists, public health agencies, and companies raced to make a vaccine against
a pandemic influenza virus, but most of it wasn't ready until the pandemic had peaked.
Now, researchers have come up with an alternative, faster strategy for when
a pandemic influenza virus surfaces: Just squirt genes for the protective antibodies into people's noses.
The virus, synthesized in the lab under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions, was genetically identical to the virus that caused 2009 H1N1
pandemic influenza.
The data obtained from this study provide a basis for more rapid, cost - effective clinical trials to evaluate new influenza drugs or to determine the efficacy of candidate vaccines for both seasonal and
pandemic influenza.
Phrases with «pandemic influenza»