The role of child temperament in
parental child feeding practices and attitudes using a sibling design.
Not exact matches
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Children will experience personality improvements, which frequently accompany heightened independence; willingness to try other tasks independently, such as
feeding or clothing; better response to
parental instruction; and increased sense of pride, pleasure, and self - esteem.
For this reason a night waking breastfed infant tends to require less overall
parental input at night than a
child who is formula
fed.
Consistent and loving care is key: «The difference between
children without consistent relationships with parents (or
parental figures of any kind) and well - parented
children who are
fed formula (instead of breastmilk) and put in bouncy seats (instead of slings) is huge.
On The Bump (thebump.com), a pregnancy and parenting website, thousands of moms buzzed on the topics of breast -
feeding past the first year,
children sleeping in the
parental bed, and wearing baby in a sling: cornerstones of what's called «attachment parenting.»
The quartet of
child - Willoughbys are victims of relentless
parental indifference (their parents don't care enough to properly name or
feed them) that soon becomes homicidal.
Parental care of the
child: keeping
children safe within a less chaotic and more structured environment (eg,
feeding and sleeping routines) promotes self - regulation, decreases rates of injury and is importantly related to executive functioning and school success.52 The nurse goes through the following with families at scheduled time points, and reinforces the content as necessary during the course of the intervention.
Bivariate correlations were examined between the CFPQ and attitude measures (i.e., concern about the
child being overweight, concern about the
child being underweight, and
parental feelings of responsibility toward
child feeding, Table IV).
This brief review of relationships between
parental feeding practices,
child eating behaviour and
child BMI has highlighted the need for more prospective research in this area.
Other
feeding practices, such as using food as a reward,
parental monitoring of
children's food consumption, teaching
children about healthy eating,
parental modeling of healthy habits, or allowing
children control over
feeding have been less studied, but may be important in the parent —
child feeding relationship.
It is likely that many parent —
child feeding interactions, especially
parental restriction of some foods or the use of food as a reward, do not often occur during planned mealtimes, but instead, when less nutritious food is more readily available.
A small number of studies have examined the longitudinal impact of
parental feeding practices on
child eating behaviour and weight.
Parental use of restrictive
feeding practices and
child BMI z - score.
One measurement approach for examining
parental feeding practices has been behavioral observations of parent —
child interactions during mealtime (Drucker, Hammer, Agras, & Bryson, 1999; Iannotti, O'Brien, & Spillman, 1994; Klesges et al., 1983; Koivisto, Fellenius, & Sjoden, 1994; McKenzie et al., 1991; Orrell - Valente, Hill, Brechwald, Dodge, Pettit, & Bates, 2007).
Associations between multiple measures of
parental feeding and
children's adiposity in United Kingdom preschoolers.
For an excellent review of
parental feeding practices and their relationship to
child overeating and overweight, see Faith, Scanlon, Birch, Francis, & Sherry (2004).
This parent - report measure consists of five subscales that tap
parental control practices and attitudes in
child feeding.87 In this study, we use the satiety subscale.
The
parental feeding practice that is most often examined is
parental use of restriction or control of the
child's food intake (Faith et al., 2003; Fisher & Birch, 1999; Robinson, Kiernan, Matheson, & Haydel, 2001).
An infant must be
fed by the primary
parental figure, usually the mother, and must have the mother present during severely physically painful events in order for a
parental attachment bond to form, and either a consistent omission of the mother from this process or an alteration between two people (the original mother and the adoptive mother) can cause either an insecure attachment or disorganized attachment from the parent to the
child.
By our human and natural
parental instinct, we feel a need to coddle our
children and hand them life on a silver platter, or
feed them from the proverbial silver spoon.
Parental Verbal Responsivity assesses caregiver -
child verbal interactions, such as talking while
feeding and making sounds together (range, 0 - 11).
The finding of significant correlations between change in the
parental automaticity scores and change in the
child's food intake in the intervention group (but not in the control group) was consistent with the idea that increased automaticity of healthy
parental feeding behaviors was the route to the changes in the
child's food intake.
The growing evidence on
parental feeding styles supports this notion, which suggests that an authoritative
feeding style may promote positive eating behaviors in
children (24).
Ten
Children's Centers located in one borough of London, United Kingdom, were contacted about participating in a research project examining
parental feeding.
Currently, in the
parental feeding literature, the construct of restriction is thought to represent a variety of practices used to limit
children's intake of foods, including controlling the type and quantity of foods that
children are offered, when these foods are offered, etc (2, 3).
Changes in
children's food intake correlated with changes in
parental automaticity of
feeding behaviors, and program acceptability was high.
Still, the relationship between
parental concern about
children's weight and parents» ability to make the best
feeding decisions for their
children is not straightforward.
Links between
child eating behavior and
parental feeding practices, therefore, have been the focus of several research studies [1, 8 — 10]; however, the clinical implications of these links remain unclear.
Concern for
child weight has been identified previously as increasing
parental restrictive
feeding [42 — 44, 59].
However, links between
children's eating behaviors and
parental feeding practices and concerns have yet to be established.
Parental confidence in handling child eating behaviors related to obesity [64, 65] was used as a predictor of parental feeding practices in th
Parental confidence in handling
child eating behaviors related to obesity [64, 65] was used as a predictor of
parental feeding practices in th
parental feeding practices in the model.
Citation: Ek A, Sorjonen K, Eli K, Lindberg L, Nyman J, Marcus C, et al. (2016) Associations between
Parental Concerns about Preschoolers» Weight and Eating and
Parental Feeding Practices: Results from Analyses of the
Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the
Child Feeding Questionnaire, and the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist.
We suggest, therefore, that obesity prevention and intervention programs targeting parents of preschoolers should take into account
parental concern about
child weight status and managing
children's eating behaviors, and promote positive,
child - responsive approaches to
feeding.
In addition, several studies have examined
parental cognitions, such as concern for
child weight, as mediators for
feeding practices (e.g., restrictive or pressuring
feeding practices increase only when parents become concerned about their
children's weights)[38, 42 — 44].
The second aim was to test a model of the direct and indirect effects of the two CEBQ dimensions (Food approach and Food avoidance), as well as
child and parental characteristics on the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) factors Restriction, Pressure to eat and Monito
child and
parental characteristics on the
Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) factors Restriction, Pressure to eat and Monito
Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) factors Restriction, Pressure to eat and Monitoring.
Together, the findings suggest that
parental perception of
children's small appetites is closely associated to the use of pressure to eat, while
parental concern about
children's overweight is closely associated with restrictive
feeding practices.
The overall aim of this study was to present a comprehensive model of associations between
parental perceptions of
child eating behaviors among preschoolers and
parental feeding practices, adjusting for potentially important predictors.
Second, it examines the associations with
parental feeding practices, measured with the Child Feeding Questionnaire
feeding practices, measured with the
Child Feeding Questionnaire
Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ).
In this sample, Concern was not only strongly associated with a parent's perceptions of the
child's high level of Food approach, but also mediated most of the association between
children's Food approach and
parental restrictive
feeding practices.
Differences in the extent and expression of
parental concern may reflect cultural background,
child and
parental gender, age and socio - economic status; the same factors may influence the use of restrictive, monitoring, or pressuring
feeding practices [54 — 60].