Additionally, if nano
particles of zinc oxide or titanium oxide are used, these can enter the body and carry risks as well.
These can be as modest as
the particles of zinc oxide in sunscreens, but they can also be reinforcing fibers in new composites or carbon nanotube wires in ultraminiaturized electronics.
Obviously it is so important not to get sunburned, however, since it is hard to know exactly how the chemical sunscreens affect developing bodies, my dermatologist suggests using physical sunblock (i.e.
particles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide that are suspended in the cream, and lay on top of your skin to form a literal physical barrier) for nursing moms and kids through adolescence.
Not exact matches
Metal oxides such as
zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are increasingly being used in sunscreens and cosmetics in the form
of nanoparticles — microscopic
particles of matter measured on the nanoscale.
Wilson, the sporting goods manufacturer, has nanoengineered layers
of clay to double the playing life
of its Double Core tennis balls; L'Oréal uses nanoscale
particles and capsules in their cosmetic creams that allow replenishing ingredients to penetrate deep into the skin; and the Australian company Advanced Powder Technology has created Zinclear, a translucent
zinc oxide sunblock composed
of nanoparticles as small as the tiniest known viruses.
Electrodes and wiring, for example, can be made using silver
particles mixed into silicone, while the bulk
of a battery can be made using a paste
of zinc particles and liquid electrolyte.
The greater the concentration
of Hispanics, Asians, African Americans or poor residents in an area, the more likely that potentially dangerous compounds such as vanadium, nitrates and
zinc are in the mix
of fine
particles they breathe.
In a second stage devised to obtain any remaining gold and silver
particles, the ore, now the consistency
of sand, was soaked in watered - down potassium cyanide, which drew the metals out into a form that could be trapped by trays filled with
zinc shavings.
The researchers succeeded by overcoming some
of the technical challenges presented in the fabrication
of the platinum -
zinc nanoparticles with an ordered lattice structure, which function best at the small sizes in which the chemically reactive surface area is highest in proportion to the
particle volume.
Both
zinc oxide and titanium dioxide — the two most effective physical blockers according to the EWG — are nanoparticles; it's the size
of the
particles that matters, and that's tough for brands to gauge and therefore market accurately.
Because your body only absorbs a certain number
of charged
particles at once, the presence
of calcium may cause a temporary lower absorption rate
of other naturally charged minerals, such as iron,
zinc and magnesium.
The major choice in the U.S. is between «chemical» sunscreens, which have inferior stability, penetrate the skin and may disrupt the body's hormone systems, and «mineral» sunscreens (
zinc and titanium), which often contain micronized — or nano - scale
particles of those minerals.