The team found that
humans are equipped with
tiny differences in a
particular regulator of gene activity, dubbed HARE5, that when introduced into a mouse embryo, led to a 12 % bigger brain than in the embryos treated with the HARE5 sequence from chimpanzees.
The modern
human ancestor who contributed genes to this
particular Neanderthal individual — called the «Altai Neanderthal,» and known from a
tiny toe bone fragment — must have migrated out of Africa long before the migration that led Africans into Europe and Asia 60,000 years ago, the scientists say.