A particular type of stem cell found in muscle can give rise to new muscle tissue, so a team led by geneticist Luis Garcia of Généthon, a nonprofit biotechnology firm in Évry, France, investigated whether these cells could be used to reverse the dystrophin problems.
Not exact matches
«We hope that these new insights will make it possible to modulate the differentiation
of stem cells — causing them to generate
cells of a
particular type,» says Carell.
But getting pluripotent
stem cells to differentiate into a
particular type of cell that can function inside the body is not simple.
The company's goal is to create a comprehensive source
of stem cells that could be
of particular use for treating people
of Middle Eastern descent, whose tissue
types are often underrepresented in the public tissue banks such as those in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Adult
stem cells: They have less flexibility and «stemness» to change into different
cell types, but they can still produce new
cells, specialized to become part
of a
particular organ or tissue, such as muscle
cells or neural
cells.
Cancer
stem cells, a
type of self - renewing
cell found in tumors, are
of particular interest because they are the main
cell type responsible for tumor progression and for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and therefore a major cause
of tumor recurrence after treatment.
«Use
of induced pluripotent
stem cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin
cells from patients and reprogramming them into embryonic - like
stem cells capable
of turning into other specific
cell types relevant for studying a
particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie
of KU Leuven.
It's a mystery,» he said, suggesting that it could mean
stem cells thought to be committed to a
particular lineage may be capable
of becoming other
types of tissue entirely.
The findings suggested that different
types of blood
cells produce vastly different amounts
of protein per hour, and
stem cells in
particular synthesize much less protein than any other blood - forming
cells.
The things that we have demonstrated — such as the fact that the vertical nanowires can deliver any biological effector to any
cell type in a spatially selected fashion — have drawn interest from many different people, and we have been working with
stem cell institutes and others to demonstrate the unique utility
of this
particular platform.
Typically, this involves creating a «scaffold»
of natural or synthetic materials, seeding it with human
stem cells that can differentiate themselves into
particular tissue
types, and providing the
cells with nutrients and a physical environment that encourages them to take on the three - dimensional structures and functions
of a
particular body part.
At the heart
of Clevers» work were adult
stem cells, a
type of cell that can replenish itself while also maintaining the ability to change into the many
types of mature
cells that a
particular tissue or organ requires.
Stem cells are
cells found primarily in embryos, and they have not yet taken on the characteristics
of any
particular type of cell, such as bone, muscle tissue or brain matter.
«As we better understand the underlying genetic circuitry that orchestrates development
of a
particular kind
of stem cell into a specialized
cell type, we should be able to manipulate it for such purposes.»
«There is a lot
of excitement in
stem cell biology these days about the possibility
of rationally and efficiently generating
particular cell types from different
stem cells for therapeutic purposes,» he said.
«Two decades
of discoveries in the fields
of stem cell biology, cortical brain development, and
cell transplantation have revealed the potential for
particular types of neurons to repair the nervous system, representing a possible breakthrough therapy for patients with devastating neurological diseases,» said Cory Nicholas, Co-Founder, VP
of Research at Neurona.
To overcome these hurdles, Bhatia and her team reprogrammed human skin
cells into induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs)-- embryonic - like
stem cells capable
of turning into other specific
cell types relevant for studying a
particular disease.