The Decline of Males, his 1999 book, was
particularly controversial among feminists for its argument that
female contraceptives had altered the balance between the sexes in disturbing new ways (especially by taking from men any say in whether they could have
children).
I encouraged one of our resident psychiatrists, William G. Reiner (already interested in the subject because prior to his psychiatric training he had been a pediatric urologist and had witnessed the problem from the other side), to set about doing a systematic follow - up of these
children —
particularly the males transformed into
females in infancy — so as to determine just how sexually integrated they became as adults.
Of interest is that the inequality between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
children is greater for
females than for males
particularly on the Physical health and well - being domain, where the OR for male Aboriginal
children is 1.81 (95 % CI 1.68 to 1.95) compared with 2.38 for
female Aboriginal
children (95 % CI 2.19 to 2.58).
While early parenthood can pose many challenges for anyone, it is
particularly problematic for early and chronic female offenders, who face increased risks of pregnancy complications, socioeconomic disadvantage, relationship violence, and compromised parenting skills.41 Several studies have linked a history of maternal conduct disorder with unresponsive parenting.42 Particularly troubling are data suggesting that mothers with a history of aggression or conduct disorder, or both, pass on at least three risk factors to their offspring: antisocial biological fathers (because of assortative mating), prenatal exposure to nicotine, and coercive (hostile) parenting style.43 The most common trajectories followed by female offenders tend to increase the odds that their children will follow in thei
particularly problematic for early and chronic
female offenders, who face increased risks of pregnancy complications, socioeconomic disadvantage, relationship violence, and compromised parenting skills.41 Several studies have linked a history of maternal conduct disorder with unresponsive parenting.42
Particularly troubling are data suggesting that mothers with a history of aggression or conduct disorder, or both, pass on at least three risk factors to their offspring: antisocial biological fathers (because of assortative mating), prenatal exposure to nicotine, and coercive (hostile) parenting style.43 The most common trajectories followed by female offenders tend to increase the odds that their children will follow in thei
Particularly troubling are data suggesting that mothers with a history of aggression or conduct disorder, or both, pass on at least three risk factors to their offspring: antisocial biological fathers (because of assortative mating), prenatal exposure to nicotine, and coercive (hostile) parenting style.43 The most common trajectories followed by
female offenders tend to increase the odds that their
children will follow in their footsteps.