One, why did some states
pass charter laws earlier than others?
Considering the effects of Hispanic population on charter laws, we were surprised that the fraction of a state's population that is black did not affect the likelihood that a state would
pass a charter law, nor did we find any relationship to the timing of passage or the strength of the law.
To answer this question, we first studied how D.C. and the 37 states that
passed charter laws before 1999 differed from the remaining states that had not adopted charter laws by 1999.
In fact, of the 40 states passing a law, 24 passed it when a Republican was governor and 16 when a Democrat was governor, and about two - thirds of the states
passing a charter law did so when there was no single party controlling both the legislature and the governor's office.
States where a greater fraction of teachers were covered by a union contract in 1987 were much less likely to
pass a charter law in the 1990s, more likely to pass a law later (if at all), and more likely to pass a weaker law.
For example, states with an Hispanic - population of 14 percentage points (two standard deviations) higher than the average were about 10 percent more likely to
pass a charter law.
For the 40 states that
passed a charter law by the 2003 — 04 school year, we also investigated how earlier and later adopters, grouped by year of the law's enactment, differ from one another.
California
passed its charter law in 1992 (the second state to do so) and now has 362 operating charter schools.
That's why forty - three states — red, blue, and purple — have
passed charter laws, and nearly all have higher standards and better assessments than they did a decade ago.
Hastings and Shalvey agreed to drop the initiative if the legislature
passed the charter law written by an ally in the legislature.
[11] Only nine states
passed a charter law between 2000 and 2015, and they opened a combined total of 233 schools, serving so few students that their impact on a national scale is almost negligible.
Upon its subsequent signing, Potter's measure because the first law to limit or cap charter authorization in Delaware since the state
passed its charter law in 1995.
1 State education officials, DeVos to discuss school choice, vouchers Local News clintonherald.com ow.ly / nVgB30a4is5 2 After Heated Partisan Battle, Kentucky is 44th State to
Pass Charter Law -LSB-...]
Being 42nd in the country to
pass a charter law has its benefits: Washington is going to great lengths to avoid mistakes other states have made.
Not exact matches
Soon after the
charter law passed, and Rainbow helped innovate a public Waldorf
charter school in Monterey, CA and became its administrator.
In May 2010, the D.C. Council
passed the Healthy Schools Act, a landmark
law designed to improve the health and wellness of students attending D.C. public and public
charter schools.
The same controversial and sweeping powers on data retention were added to the Investigatory Powers Act (AKA the Snoopers»
Charter), which
passed into
law late last year a matter of weeks before Dripa — which at the insistence of the Liberal Democrats had a built - in self - distruct date of 31 December, 2016 — was set to expire.
Antonacci asked the
law department to address two main issues: The county charter appears to say that raises for county legislators should be voted on when the budget for that year is approved; and state Municipal Home Rule Law indicates that salary changes made during the term of an elected official, such as the county executive, should take the form of a local law, not a resolution as passed by the Legislatu
law department to address two main issues: The county
charter appears to say that raises for county legislators should be voted on when the budget for that year is approved; and state Municipal Home Rule
Law indicates that salary changes made during the term of an elected official, such as the county executive, should take the form of a local law, not a resolution as passed by the Legislatu
Law indicates that salary changes made during the term of an elected official, such as the county executive, should take the form of a local
law, not a resolution as passed by the Legislatu
law, not a resolution as
passed by the Legislature.
New York City has just 28 slots left for new
charters, a number that could easily drop to zero over the next year with the growth of local
charters guaranteed under a state
law passed earlier this year.
The pressure is on for New York to
pass a new
charter - school
law before submitting a new application to qualify for up to $ 700 million in federal «Race to the Top» funds by the June 1 deadline.
This year, the immediate threat is gone, and the continued growth of
charters has been guaranteed with a new pro-charter
law passed last year.
A
charter school network's plan to double in size over the next few years could reignite a war over classroom space in New York City — only this time with the ground rules already tilted against the mayor, thanks to a new
law passed in Albany this spring.
[55] In 1998, Pataki prevailed upon the Legislature to
pass a
charter school
law by threatening to veto a legislative pay raise if the bill was not
passed.
In the 25 years since Minnesota
passed the first
charter school
law, these publicly funded but privately operated schools have become a highly sought - after alternative to traditional public education, particularly for underserved students in urban areas.
«Our position is the same as it was when the legislation was
passed: We believe the legislation's intent did not allow for SUNY to adopt regulations that are inconsistent with current
laws governing
charter schools, including
laws related to teacher certification requirements.»
The
law was
passed after Mr. de Blasio, an outspoken opponent of
charters in the past, tried to charge the well - heeled schools rent.
Mr. de Blasio, closely aligned with the teachers» unions, is one of those critics, but toned down his rhetoric after the State Legislature
passed a
law last year that guaranteed
charter schools free space to expand.
Although the
charter sector ultimately gained an advocate in Governor Andrew Cuomo and successfully lobbied for a sweeping pro-
charter law passed during the last legislative session, Moskowitz said she refers to this spring as «the dark period.»
However, under a
law passed by the Legislature and signed by Governor Cuomo last spring,
charters are poised to change the annual lottery process to set aside a significant number of seats for children of their employees, including employees of
charter management organizations.
School districts held an exclusive franchise on public education services until 1991, when Minnesota
passed the first
law permitting public
charter schools.
Since Illinois
passed its
charter school
law in 1996, Chicago's public school district officials have viewed
charters as another path to district improvement, especially for its high schools, and even went so far as to support an increase on the city's
charter cap from 15 to 30.
It became the
law in California in 2000 when voters
passed Proposition 39, which requires that the Golden State's public - school facilities «be shared fairly among all public school pupils, including those in
charter schools.»
Two, we wondered why some states enacted
laws highly favorable to
charter schools while others
passed more - restrictive statutes.
Since the nation's first
charter - school
law was
passed in 1991,
charter schools throughout the United States have enjoyed steady and relatively rapid growth.
We wanted to know, for instance, how Minnesota, the state that
passed the nation's first
charter school
law in 1991, is different from Maryland, which
passed the most recent enabling legislation in 2003.
Long since the first state
charter law passed in 1991, a majority of adults still have little or no clue, a new poll suggests.
Since the first
law authorizing
charter schools was
passed in Minnesota in 1991, 39 other states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have all adopted legislation supporting public
charters.
South Carolina was among the first states to
pass a
charter school
law, in 1996; today it has 44
charters (2 percent of total public school enrollment), as compared to hundreds of
charter schools in some other states, such as California, Arizona, and Florida.
As
passed in California, Texas, and Mississippi, trigger
laws allow parents to petition to convert a school to a
charter school, close the school, or replace school leadership.
States with higher - than - expected SAT scores were less likely to
pass charter school legislation; tended to adopt such legislation later, if at all; and
passed weaker
laws.
We also found that states with growing income inequality during the 1980s were more likely to
pass laws and to
pass stronger
charter laws during the 1990s.
The 2001 - ’02 legislative session
passed five anti-
charter school bills, four of which were signed into
law by Governor Gray Davis (who felt compelled, in one of his signing messages, to claim that he still «supported
charter schools»).
Passed in 1993, Massachusetts's
charter school
law was among the nation's first.
The first
charter - school
law was
passed in Minnesota in 1991, and New York finally followed with its own statute in the last days of 1998.
As Parker Baxter and colleagues report, both states
passed laws giving
charters equitable access to local tax revenues that supplement a district's standard allotment from the state.
The next year, Minnesota
passed the nation's first
charter school
law, the culmination of years of grassroots efforts helped by non-traditional political alliances.
When Minnesota
passed the first
charter law in 1990, the innovation seemed precious, quaint, delicate, and certain to break.
The next opportunity to walk the walk came in 1998 when the group helped write the state's
charter school
law,
passed in December, making New York the 34th state to have one.
Few jurisdictions have
passed significant voucher and tax - credit legislation, and most have hedged
charter laws with one or another of a multiplicity of provisos — that
charters are limited in number, can only be authorized by school districts (their natural enemies), can not enroll more than a fixed number of students, get less money per pupil than district - run schools, and so on.
The Michigan legislature, during a special session last month,
passed a new
charter law designed to address the judge's concern that the state board of education did not have adequate oversight of
charter schools under the previous measure.