From the beginning, there were serious concerns within the scientific community (both research and operational) about the viability of
passive microwave measurements of ocean surface vector winds, especially in storms and in other areas of rain and large amounts of cloud liquid water.
In the original configuration of NPOESS, the ocean surface vector wind data record established by QuikSCAT was to be replaced by
passive microwave measurements of wind speed and direction by the polarimetric CMIS radiometer.
Kongoli, C., et al. (2015), A snowfall detection algorithm over land utilizing high - frequency
passive microwave measurements — Application to ATMS, J. Geophys.
The team then examined a data set of
passive microwave measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.
WindSat results thus far have not allayed scientists» concerns about
passive microwave measurement of ocean vector winds.25
Not exact matches
By the time NASA restarted its
passive -
microwave measurements in 1978, the hole had vanished.
NASA began taking
passive -
microwave measurements of sea ice in 1972, using an instrument aboard its Nimbus - 5 satellite.
Guan says this work is the first time that so many spectral bands, including visible, infrared, thermal, and
passive and active
microwave, and canopy fluorescence
measurements have been brought together to look at crops.
Microwave radiometers are a
passive measurement technique; that is, they monitor Earth's own heat energy emissions in the 1 - to 200 - gigahertz frequency range.
From an oceanographic perspective, there is a need for vector wind
measurements, and many participants noted that surface vector winds from
passive microwave did not fulfill the need for climate - quality surface vector winds and for observation of extreme weather events.
Further, some participants asserted that
passive microwave vector wind
measurements did not constitute a climate data product, whereas the value for climate studies of scatterometry - derived wind
measurements has been demonstrated.
The decadal survey SCLP mission is relevant to this ECV, as it would provide
passive and active
microwave measurements of snow water equivalent.
Some participants expressed concern that a capability for
passive microwave precipitation
measurements may not emerge in the revised MIS sensor, and they suggested that NPOESS place emphasis on the water cycle (water vapor, liquid water, ice water, and precipitation) when considering MIS requirements, possibly including giant magneto - impedance (GMI) bands.
With MIS delayed until NPOESS C2, there is a need to continue the long (28 - year) climate data record of sea ice extent and concentration collected by
passive microwave radiometers; continued scatterometer and altimeter
measurements are also required.