Sentences with phrase «past studies measured»

And it could explain why past studies measured higher than expected levels of ozone - damaging chemicals in the stratosphere, Rex says.

Not exact matches

The J.D. Power 2017 North America Airline Satisfaction Study measures passenger satisfaction among both business and leisure travelers, and is based on responses from 34,695 passengers who traveled through at least one domestic airport with both departure and arrival experiences during the past three months.

The reports of Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and the International Center for Transitional Justice (the world's leading non-governmental organization studying political transitions), as well as the U.N. documents on the justice of nations moving from tyranny to democracy, give prominence to judicial punishment among all possible measures for addressing past human - rights violations.

However, some studies show that a woman who has experienced back labor in the past is more likely to experience it in the future unless preventative measures are taken.

Hormone replacement therapy has been controversial over the past few decades as studies have associated it with both health benefits — lowering the risk of osteoporosis and improving some measures of heart health, for example — and risks, including links to cancer and stroke.

By studying strains from different past E. coli outbreaks with his techniques, Eppinger is able to measure the amount of toxin produced in each strain, which is a direct mediator of disease and shows how severe the resulting illness could be.

P.E., Neelakshi Hudda and colleagues note that past research has measured pollution from air traffic before, but most of these studies only sampled air within a couple of miles, at most, from airports.

This past January Claudio Del Percio of Sapienza University in Rome and his colleagues reported the results of a study in which they measured the brain waves of karate champions and ordinary people, at rest with their eyes closed, and compared them.

Led by Julie Demuth, a scientist from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the study, «Explicating experience: Development of a valid scale of past hazard experience for tornadoes,» characterized and measured people's past tornado experiences to determine their impact on the perceived risks of future tornadoes.

In a study published last year in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Hopkins and other scientists measured the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the hair and bone of Yosemite bears over the past century and found that since 1999, the proportion of human - derived food in bear diets has dramatically declined.

Working with colleagues from the Center for Coastal Studies and NOAA Fisheries, van der Hoop used a load cell to measure the drag forces on various types of fishing gear collected from past right whale entanglements.

The UA study also used another nationally representative survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System administered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to measure how often Native Americans and whites engaged in excessive drinking in the past month.

«We used a method that didn't have a lot of the past limitations of other studies, and it could measure this speed much more accurately.

In the past, scientists have studied the effects of low brain activity in the MD by cutting it out in mice — an extreme measure that didn't accurately mimic the «mild» reduction in activity seen in schizophrenia, says Columbia University psychiatrist Joshua Gordon.

To make a long study short, they say that past comparisons of food costs were flawed because they only looked at price per calorie; whereas, comparing cost per average portion is a better measure in their opinion, and one which, incidentally, shows fruit and vegetables to be cheaper than most moderation (e.g. junk) foods.

Although a few studies in the past have examined the link between brain health and trans fats, this study by Oregon Health and Science University in Portland was the first to measure blood levels of trans fats in relation to brain volume using MRI brain scans.

This study examined the impact of a 6 - week expressive writing course led by John Evans, EdD, on measures of resilience, perceived stress, rumination, and depression in a population of 39 individuals who self - identified as having experienced a traumatic event within the past year.

I am familiar with past studies that traced nitrogen, the so - called nitrogen balance studies, to measure protein utilization... I believe the RDAs for protein are based on this type of experiment, despite its crudeness and sources of error... therefore, I am curious to know the latest science on this subject.

In addition, the 20 - item Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES - D), a self - report measure of depressive symptoms in the general population over the past week35, was administered at phases 7, 9 and 11.

A suggestion for future studies is to take into account measures of past and current physical fitness when comparing cognition, brain structure and function in different groups of older subjects, once it is possible that better fitness is related to healthier brain aging.

There are a number of reasons: 1) student achievement probably wasn't used as the measure of teacher effectiveness; 2) before the advent of the modern computer, in the mid-1960s, some of the more sophisticated analyses were not feasible; 3) the structure and makeup of schools change, making the findings less applicable to the current situation; 4) most important, older studies may not control for critical variables, such as students» backgrounds or past achievement.

Instead, as Innosight Institute's case studies over the past two years reveal, the majority of policy is still focused on rewarding the systems, providers, and operators that best meet certain input measures, most of which are inappropriate for judging this emerging disruptive innovation of online learning.

The Chevrolet Silverado received the lowest number of problems per 100 vehicles among Large Light Duty Pickups in the J.D. Power 2018 U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, based on 36,896 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2017.

This study measures car reliability by analyzing problems experienced over the past 12 months of ownership in such areas as: features and controls; engine and transmission; entertainment and navigation; heating and cooling; the overall driving experience, and more.

The Chevrolet Equinox, Chevrolet Traverse, Chevrolet Silverado and Chevrolet Malibu received the lowest number of problems per 100 vehicles in their respective segments in the J.D. Power 2018 U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, based on 36,896 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2017.

Power 2018 U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, based on 36,896 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2017.

Study based on 36,896 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2017.

For example, in J.D. Power's annual U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, which measures problems experienced in the past 12 months by original owners of 3 - year - old vehicles, Infiniti has gone downhill.

The Chevrolet Sonic received the lowest number of problems per 100 vehicles among Small Cars in the J.D. Power 2017 U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, based on 35,186 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2016.

2017 study based on 35,186 total responses, measuring problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners, surveyed October - December 2016.

Some past studies (e.g. Goldenberg et al, 2001) assert that there is no evidence of any long - term increase in statistical measures of tropical Atlantic hurricane activity, despite the ongoing global warming.

In another finding, the study strengthens scientists» ability to use tree rings to measure past climate.

By their nature, studies of aspects of the past which can no longer be directly measured but which may be partially revealed by various proxies will never have complete reliability, but they ARE being properly and rigorously pursued by long tested scientific methods of working with any available empirical data that might help improve the picture.

Review committees use this method because publications are the best measure of past and potential scientific output, but by potentially overvaluing «high impact» journal names, these committees and study sections effectively defer to journal editors to help them choose the best candidates for jobs and grants.

Then, instead of throwing out the data as hopelessly compromised and starting the experiment over with these factors corrected, you (a) do a study estimating how miscalibrated, how defective and how improperly located your instruments were and apply adjustments to all past data to «correct» the improper reading, (b) you do a study to estimate the effect of the external factors at the time you discover the problem and apply adjustments to all past data to «correct» the effects of the external factors even though you have no idea what the effect of the external factor actually was for a given instrument at the time the data was recorded, because you only measured the effect years later and then at only some locations, (c) you «fill in» any missing data using data from other instruments and / or from other measurements by the same instrument, (d) you do another study to determine how best to deal with measurements from different instruments over different time periods and at different locations and apply adjustments to all past data to «correct» for differences between readings from different instruments over different time periods at different locations.

Edward Hanna of the University of Sheffield, a co-author of the new Nature Communications paper, released a study in May using the Greenland Blocking Index to measure the strength of stationary high - pressure systems over the past 165 years and found that seven of the top 11 systems had occurred since 2007.

This study examined farmers» adaptive measures to climate change induced natural shocks through past climate experiences in the Mekong River Delta (Vietnam) from a data set of 330 farmers.

One of the difficulties studying changes in the frequency and intensity of cyclones is that the record of past storms is inhomogeneous, due to changes in observational capabilities and how storms have been measured and recorded.

For decades, scientists studying climate change have measured the oxygen isotope ratio in tree - ring cellulose to determine the ambient temperature and relative humidity of past climates.

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health - related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

Often, studies replace the net sunlight by proxy measures of solar irradiance, which is an oversimplification used in efforts to probe the Sun's role in past climate change.

I am sure someone has measured it in the past in order to see the correlation but I am not aware of any published studies tonyb

Yet, more and more research studies based on past events acknowledge dykes heightening as measures of last resort or even examples of maladaptation (Hallegatte 2009; Zurich 2014; Wenger 2015), as they give a misleading impression of complete safety which is at odds with the catastrophic consequences in case of failure during flood events (e.g., Di Baldassarre et al. 2015).

However, past studies of such Arctic mixed - phase clouds have been unable to explain the measured abundance of ice crystals larger than 100 micrometers in maximum dimension (the size range where measurements are available), given observed environmental conditions and the measured concentrations of ice nuclei that could be entrained into the observed shallow cloud layers from aloft.

Using datasets of actual temperatures recorded by the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS), the United Kingdom's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research at the University of East Anglia (Hadley - CRU), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), satellites measuring atmospheric and deep oceanic temperatures, and a remote sensor system in California, Christy found that «all show a lack of warming over the past 17 years.»

CCLA also recommends that the data collection and study be expanded to examine racial profiling in pedestrian stops, and that all past and future data should be the subject of strict retention, privacy and destruction measures.

Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council (QAIHC) data show good performance in risk factor monitoring and the management of hypertension and chronic disease.15 Box 2 shows improving performance in completion of health assessments — a first step in prevention activity — over the past 4 years.22 The Torpedo study, a randomised controlled trial of the use of an electronic decision - support system measuring absolute cardiovascular risk, shows ACCHSs outperforming general practices in managing risk.21 Data collected in late 2011 show that the ACCHSs sites had significantly more patients at high risk being prescribed best - practice medications than the general practice sites at baseline, and this gap was sustained through the intervention period (Box 3).23

The first study Iris Mauss and her colleagues conducted was a correlation study, using a range of measures of well - being and life stress over the past 18 months to test whether the degree to which people value happiness is associated with happiness and well - being.

In a study of unwed fathers one year after their children's births, Mincy, Garfinkel, and Nepomnyaschy found, using Fragile Families data, that strong enforcement, measured as a city or state's commitment to establishing paternity, increased the chance that fathers had seen their child in the past thirty days and that they had received an overnight visit from their child in the past year.47 A nuanced set of findings emerges from a separate study by Nepomnyaschy of the interactions between father involvement, and formal and informal support payments.48 Both formal and informal support payments one year after a child's birth raise the likelihood of father contact two years later.

For example, studies of young couples have found discordance effects only for measures of heavy drinking and frequent intoxication, but not for any alcohol use or regular alcohol use in the past year (Quigley & Leonard, 2000).