Sentences with phrase «past variations»

If we include only human sources of CO2 and aerosols, then we can explain 60 to 70 % of past variations.

Several studies have explored the use of unequally weighted means, with the weights based on the models» performance in simulating past variations in climate, typically using some performance metric or collection of metrics...

Lorraine Lisiecki is in the business of understanding past variations in ocean circulation.

The estimate assumes an average life span of 85 years, very low investing costs, and an inflation rate consistent with past variations in the Consumer Price Index.

Nor does it discuss how the CRF - proxies may have been affected by past variations geomagnetic field, which clearly would degrade any correlation between CRF and climatic indices.

So climate scientists rely on indirect means, called proxies, to reconstruct past variations in precipitation patterns.

Records of tree - ring characteristics such as their width (TRW) and density (usually the maximum density of the wood formed towards the end of the growing season — the «maximum latewood density» — MXD) are widely used to infer past variations in climate over recent centuries and even millennia.

The main source of my Arctic comfort level — besides what I learned while camped with scientists on the North Pole sea ice — is the growing body of work on past variations * in sea ice conditions in the Arctic.

Figures A and B show past variations in the global mean temperature inferred from direct measurements (A) and from the analysis of ice - cores (B).

Another popular contrarian argument is that the «climate has changed before», which entails a commitment to high climate sensitivity: if climate sensitivity were as low as contrarians like to claim (≈ 1.5 ◦ C), then the minute past variation in intensity of the sun, which drove past climate changes in the absence of CO2, could not have caused the observed warming episodes.

«Using past variations of solar activity measured by cosmogenic isotope abundance changes, analogue forecasts for possible future solar output have been calculated.

We don't fully understand past variations, but there is a theorem in science: if it happens, it must be possible.

[Consider that] a Sharpe ratio measures return divided by risk, as measured by past variation.

The beryllium - 10 record provides an imperfect but useful estimate of the past variations of solar output, after correction for effects of magnetic - field variation on beryllium - 10 production.

In this new paper they write: «The most striking features in the reconstruction are the warm temperatures from ∼ 1050 to ∼ 1300 AD compared to the preceding and following centuries, the persistent cooler temperatures from ∼ 1400 to ∼ 1800 AD, and the subsequent rise to warmer temperatures which eventually seem to exceed in the last decades of the 20th century the range of past variation.

Past variations in the climate variable, including those during the validation period, are then reconstructed by using this statistical relationship to predict the variable from the proxy data.