Scientists estimate
the past volume of ice - sheets in the following way: As water freezes, different isotopes (types of chemicals) tend to freeze out at different rates.
Not exact matches
In fact, for temperature the major step toward the
ice ages that have characterised the
past two to three million years was a cooling event at 2.7 million years ago, but for
ice -
volume the crucial step was the development
of the first intense
ice age at around 2.15 million years ago.
During a record melting jag this
past summer, the Greenland
ice sheet lost 552 billion tons (19 billion tons lower than the previous low), and the
volume of sea
ice fell to half the
volume it had four years ago.
There has been a lot
of discussion over the
past few years on the use
of sea
ice volume as a better index than sea
ice extent for use in Outlooks.
Already 80 per cent by
volume of summer sea -
ice has been lost, and regional warming
of up to 5 ˚C may have already pushed the Greenland
ice - sheet
past its tipping point.
It sounds like you have no clue about the details
of sea
ice loss over the
past few decades, nor the most critical
of all the metrics — see
ice volume, which is directly impacted by the warmth
of both the ocean water as well as the atmosphere.
In just the
past 5 years the minimum
volume of ice in the Arctic was slashed in half.
But he also noted, «There is some indication from the QuickScat data that 2nd and 3rd year
ice has increased somewhat in the
past couple
of years which may imply not so linear decline
of arctic
ice volume.»
6) There are still insufficient observations
of ice thickness to quantify the basin - wide and long - term rate
of ice -
volume change over the
past several decades.