Sentences with phrase «pattern of air temperatures»

CLIMATES OF THE WORLD A climate is a long - term pattern of air temperatures and precipitation.

Not exact matches

The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of global air circulation patterns and differences in surface temperatures between land and oceans.

Mori et al. identified two circulation patterns that drove winter temperatures in Eurasia from 1979 to 2013: the Arctic Oscillation (which confines colder air to the polar latitudes) and a pattern dubbed «Warm Arctic and Cold Eurasia» (WACE), which correlated both to sea - ice loss in the Barents - Kara Sea and to particularly cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Eurasia.

Daniel Horton of Stanford University in California and his colleagues analysed how temperature has historically affected weather patterns that blow away stagnant air.

El Niño is a weather pattern characterized by a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure in the Pacific Ocean, which causes climate variability over the course of years, sometimes even decades.

In late 2010 and early 2011, the continent Down Under received about twice its normal complement of rain, thanks in large part to unusually warm sea - surface temperatures just north of Australia and a particularly strong La Niña — in essence, combining a source of warm humid air with the weather patterns that steered the moisture over the continent where it condensed and fell as precipitation.

There are a variety of theories about how rising air temperature and altered precipitation patterns might affect these ecosystems in the future.

The devices are manufactured by burning electrode patterns with a commercial laser into plastic sheets in room - temperature air, eliminating the complex fabrication conditions that have limited the widespread application of microsupercapacitors.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

«The Greenland ice sheet as a whole is shrinking, melting and reducing in size as the result of globally changing air and ocean temperatures and associated changes in circulation patterns in both the ocean and atmosphere,» Muenchow said.

[Response: Well, something like a circulation changed forced by the NAO pattern (which may in turn be affected by greenhouse gases) might cause an increase in European air temperatures, which in turn would allow low level moisture to increase if there is enough moisture supply, which would then constitute an amplification of a signal driven remotely.

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

Normalised RMS error in simulation of climatological patterns of monthly precipitation, mean sea level pressure and surface air temperature.

The temperature differential between the cold of the far North and the warmer air of the temperate zones to the south fuel the jet stream, which steers weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere.

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A sea breeze, which is caused by the temperature and pressure difference between warm areas inland and the cool air over the ocean, often develops on warm summer days as well, increasing the on - shore flow pattern and maintaining a constant flow of marine stratus clouds onto the coastal areas.

Air temperatures follow a similar pattern with an average of 35 - 38 °C in the summer and 22 - 24 °C in the November to February winter period.

What about temperature affecting the cloudiness (e.g. advection of mild and moist air), and the role of circulation patterns?

«West Coast sea surface and coastal air temperatures evolved in lockstep with changing patterns of atmospheric pressure and winds.»

A clear pattern of exceptional and record - setting warm air temperatures is evident at long - term meteorological stations around Greenland (Table GL1).

Predicting sea ice extent is easy if you can mentally calculate wind variations, momentum, sea currents, multi year ice compression ratios, tidal synergy with weather patterns, the AO, the temperature of ice sea water and air, how cloudy it will be, salinity, pycnocline convection rates, sea surface to air interface, CO2 exchange, ice thickness distributions.....

Similar negative effects occur with worsening air pollution — higher levels of ground - level ozone smog and other pollutants that increase with warmer temperatures have been directly linked with increased rates of respiratory and cardiovascular disease — food production and safety — warmer temperatures and varying rainfall patterns mess up staple crop yields and aid the migration and breeding of pests that can devastate crops — flooding — as rising sea levels make coastal areas and densely - populated river deltas more susceptible to storm surges and flooding that result from severe weather — and wildfires, which can be ancillary to increased heat waves and are also responsible for poor air quality (not to mention burning people's homes and crops).

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7, Multiple Methods As with CIS contributions in June 2009, 2010, and 2011, the 2012 forecast was derived using a combination of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter arctic ice thicknesses and extents, as well as an examination of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model, which uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

The air temperature patterns were a result of low pressure on the Eurasian side of the Arctic (Figure 8), along with high pressure in the Bering Sea, which supported some warm air advection into the Chukchi and East Siberian seas region.

Normalised RMS error in simulation of climatological patterns of monthly precipitation, mean sea level pressure and surface air temperature.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (+ / - 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

Scientists say the Atlantic has settled into a pattern of temperatures and air patterns that is likely to sustain hyperactive hurricane seasons for a decade or two.

Much of the inter-annual to decadal scale variability in surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly patterns and related ecosystem effects in the Arctic and elsewhere can be attributed to the superposition of leading modes of variability in the atmospheric circulation.

Fertilizer production will almost certainly keep growing to keep pace with human population, but the amount of aerosols created as a result depends on many factors, including air temperature, precipitation, season, time of day, wind patterns and of course the other needed ingredients from industrial or natural sources.

But observations from recent years support the idea that the melting ice is a key factor in shaping the persistent pattern of warm temperatures over the Arctic that displaces bitter cold air toward North America and especially Eurasia, says conference co-chair Judah Cohen, a climate scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The most visible sign of a warming climate is the increase in air temperature, which affects the climate and weather patterns.

Canadian Ice Service; 5.0; Statistical As with Canadian Ice Service (CIS) contributions in June 2009 and June 2010, the 2011 forecast was derived using a combination of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic Multi-Year Ice (MYI) extents, as well as an examination of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model which uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice predictors.

Working with a total of 2,196 globally - distributed databases containing observations of NPP, as well as the five environmental variables thought to most impact NPP trends (precipitation, air temperature, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration), Li et al. analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of global NPP over the past half century (1961 — 2010).

The surface data (left panel) are comprised of surface air temperature over land and the temperature of water at the ocean's surface, and have been subjected to a slight additional smoothing to simplify the pattern (Jones et al., 1999).

This pattern of temperature change helps account for the discrepancy between trends in MSU 2R and surface air temperatures.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (± 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

He says to take examples from real world, (as he's done with the example of packets of air rising which is already well known and which is what gives us our weather), but on a non-rotating Earth it's the difference of temperature provided by the Sun between the equator and the poles which sets up the basic pattern of packets of air on the move (which is wind, wind is volumes of air on the move) from the equator to the poles where they cool and are drawn back to the equator where the heating cycle begins again.

This seesaw exchange of air masses shifts temperature conditions and storm patterns throughout the region.

Since the ocean temperature affects the air above the water and movements of air in the atmosphere contribute to our weather, El Niño can influence weather patterns.

«Because the data with respect to in - situ surface air temperature across Africa is sparse, a oneyear regional assessment for Africa could not be based on any of the three standard global surface air temperature data sets from NOAANCDC, NASA - GISS or HadCRUT4 Instead, the combination of the Global Historical Climatology Network and the Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (CAMS GHCN) by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory was used to estimate surface air temperature patterns»

Over the past 60 years, Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States, with state - wide average annual air temperature increasing by 3 °F and average winter temperature by 6 °F, with substantial year - to - year and regional variability.1 Most of the warming occurred around 1976 during a shift in a long - lived climate pattern (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]-RRB- from a cooler pattern to a warmer one.

«The pattern of decreasing tree cover and increasing impervious surfaces indicate a synergistic pattern of loss of environmental benefits (e.g., air temperature cooling by trees) and increased environmental issues (e.g., air temperature increases associated with impervious surfaces),» the authors write in their study.

so, yeah, it is really convenient that ocean surface temperatures have gone down since the 1998 el nino due to wind patterns but that extra heat going into the ocean is just as much a component of warming as air temperatures.

Since the scaling factor used is based purely on simulations by CMIP5 models, rather than on observations, the estimate is only valid if those simulations realistically reproduce the spatiotemporal pattern of actual warming for both SST and near - surface air temperature (tas), and changes in sea - ice cover.

«Over relatively short, non-climate timescales (less than 20 - 30 years), these patterns of natural variability can lead to all kinds of changes in global and regional near - surface air temperature: flat, increasing, or even decreasing trends,»

The «Beast from the East» was the name given by the media to an unusual weather pattern which saw warmer that average temperatures over the arctic sending colder air further south than normal, resulting in much of western Europe being hit with sustained low temperatures and heavy snow, blown in from Siberia.

Note that this result is not directly a test of model fidelity, but rather of linearity; what is converging here is the model's representations of air - sea interaction leading to global mean surface temperature anomalies, not whether the models have the ability to capture the magnitude or even the spatial patterns of observed RASST variability.

As Mongabay staff writer John Cannon reported, higher - than - normal water and air temperatures coupled with shifts in wind patterns led to record - low sea ice extents in both the Arctic and the Antarctic in November of 2016.