Sentences with phrase «patterns of past variability»

Not exact matches

Extremes in local and regional weather patterns and climate variability have disrupted agricultural production in the past; climate - related temperature rise is expected to increasingly affect crop yields in many regions of the world.

Despite large year - to - year variability of temperature, decadal averages reveal isotherms (lines of a given average temperature) moving poleward at a typical rate of the order of 100 km / decade in the past three decades [101], although the range shifts for specific species follow more complex patterns [102].

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

Ironically, while some continue to attack this nearly decade - old work, the actual scientific community has moved well beyond the earlier studies, focusing now on the detailed patterns of modeled and reconstructed climate changes in past centuries, and insights into the roles of external forcing and internal modes of variability (such as the North Atlantic Oscillation or «NAO» and the «El Nino / Southern Oscillation» or «ENSO») in explaining this past variability.

Even if it could be shown that climate is more sensitive to solar variability than the strict radiative forcing would suggest (along the lines of Shindell et al) one would still have to contend with the fact that we know the solar variability for the past fifty years quite well, and it does not do the kind of things necessary to give the present warming pattern.

The stadium wave holds promise in putting into perspective numerous observations of climate behavior, such as regional patterns of decadal variability in drought and hurricane activity, the researchers say, but a complete understanding of past climate variability and projections of future climate change requires integrating the stadium - wave signal with external climate forcing from the sun, volcanoes and anthropogenic forcing.

If past patterns of precipitation variability remain stable in the near term, then it is probable that precipitation and flows in the Salt - Verde watersheds will shift into wetter conditions within the timeframe examined in this study [66].

This Section places particular emphasis on current knowledge of past changes in key climate variables: temperature, precipitation and atmospheric moisture, snow cover, extent of land and sea ice, sea level, patterns in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, extreme weather and climate events, and overall features of the climate variability.

My observations from your graph line are that there has been a break in the 200 - year trend of rising and falling, as of the 1960's becoming rising only, which had not happened on any span even half so long previously, and which does not resemble the past pattern of variability of 11 - year trends.

Despite large year - to - year variability of temperature, decadal averages reveal isotherms (lines of a given average temperature) moving poleward at a typical rate of the order of 100 km / decade in the past three decades [101], although the range shifts for specific species follow more complex patterns [102].

Over the past 60 years, Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States, with state - wide average annual air temperature increasing by 3 °F and average winter temperature by 6 °F, with substantial year - to - year and regional variability.1 Most of the warming occurred around 1976 during a shift in a long - lived climate pattern (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]-RRB- from a cooler pattern to a warmer one.

Given that the past 30 — 50 years is a relatively short period for evaluating long - term trends, the SST trends themselves could be viewed as a manifestation of large - scale modes of multidecadal Pacific variability (e.g. Zhang et al. 1997; Deser et al. 2004) or as part of the century scale positive SST trends associated with climate change (e.g. Deser et al. 2010); it is likely that both multidecadal climate variability and climate change have contributed to the SST trend pattern evident in Fig. 9 and used to force the model.

«How can we use the spatial pattern of the surface temperature evolution to help determine how much of the warming over the past century was forced by increases in the well - mixed greenhouse gases (WMGGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs), assuming as little as possible about the non-WMGG forcing and internal variability.»

The mean state of ENSO, its global patterns of influence, amplitude of interannual variability, and frequency of extreme events show considerable multidecadal and century - scale variability over the past several centuries.»

These range from simple averaging of regional data and scaling of the resulting series so that its mean and standard deviation match those of the observed record over some period of overlap (Jones et al., 1998; Crowley and Lowery, 2000), to complex climate field reconstruction, where large - scale modes of spatial climate variability are linked to patterns of variability in the proxy network via a multivariate transfer function that explicitly provides estimates of the spatio - temporal changes in past temperatures, and from which large - scale average temperature changes are derived by averaging the climate estimates across the required region (Mann et al., 1998; Rutherford et al., 2003, 2005).

The pattern of modeled surface temperature changes induced by solar variability is well correlated with observed global warming over the first half of the 20th century, but not with the more rapid warming seen over the past three decades.

Tim Barnett: ««What we hope is that the current patterns of temperature change prove distinctive, quite different from the patterns of natural variability in the past,» Barnett told [Fred Pearce] in 1996.