Not exact matches
The push to
peak global emissions and keep
warming below 2 degrees Celsius has opened rifts over whether the world should embrace stepping stones like nuclear and natural gas power or go full tilt toward a 100 percent zero - carbon renewable energy economy.
Another confirmation test would be to use a time series of stratospheric temperature as a proxy in this regard, since the stratosphere
warms at volcanic eruption
peaks due to the absorption of longwave radiation from
below and also near - IR absorption.
Taking account of their historic responsibility, as well as the need to secure climate justice for the world's poorest and most vulnerable communities, developed countries must commit to legally binding and ambitious emission reduction targets consistent with limiting global average surface
warming to well
below 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels and long - term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at well
below below 350 p.p.m., and that to achieve this the agreement at COP15 U.N.F.C.C.C. should include a goal of
peaking global emissions by 2015 with a sharp decline thereafter towards a global reduction of 85 percent by 2050,
If you look at the Fig. 3a in our review (red lines at the top) you see that many previous estimates based on the observed
warming / ocean heat uptake had a tendency to
peak at values
below 3 °C (that review is from 2008).
-- Keep global
warming below 2oC, implying a
peak in global CO2 emissions no later than 2015 and recognise that even a
warming of 2oC carries a very high risk of serious impacts and the need for major adaptation efforts.
It might be that serious authorities such as Hansen and the head of the UNFCCC secretariat are wrong to declare that goal of a 2.0 C ceiling of
warming poses unacceptably dangerous climate destabilization, but it seems widely accepted that a
peak of 450ppmv CO2 would allow a near - even chance of staying
below 2.0 C and thereby avoiding the feedbacks taking off with catastrophic effects.
In the graph
below a slight statistical decline of global temperatures can be seen after the
peak warm year of 1945.
Due to past emissions, and taking into account the most aggressive mitigation strategies,
peak mean global
warming in the 21st Century can limited close to 1.5 C, with
warming dropping to
below 1.5 by 2100.
A CO2 emissions
peak by 2016 and complete phaseout of conventional fossil fuels by around 2050 will be necessary for a greater than 85 % chance of holding global
warming below 2 °C
Climate projections based on energy - economic emissions scenarios show that, in the best case,
warming will
peak close to 1.5 C by mid-century before slowly declining to
below this level.
The relationship between cumulative emissions and
peak warming allows us to show how delaying mitigation in the short term creates the need for more rapid emission reductions later, in order to stay
below a given cumulative emissions limit.
Furthermore, much evidence indicates that today's
warm temperatures remain below peak temperatures experienced during the Medieval Warm Period of 1,000 years ago, the Roman Warm Period of 2,000 years ago and the Holocene Climatic Optimum of 5,000 years
warm temperatures remain
below peak temperatures experienced during the Medieval
Warm Period of 1,000 years ago, the Roman Warm Period of 2,000 years ago and the Holocene Climatic Optimum of 5,000 years
Warm Period of 1,000 years ago, the Roman
Warm Period of 2,000 years ago and the Holocene Climatic Optimum of 5,000 years
Warm Period of 2,000 years ago and the Holocene Climatic Optimum of 5,000 years ago.
The essential technical point is that the Copenhagen demand for real ambition which crystallized as «1.5 to stay alive» was indeed a call for a 350 ppm concentration target, which has about a 50/50 chance of holding the
warming below 1.5 C (or returning it
below that level if it
peaks higher), and an 85 % chance of keeping it
below 2C.
The trend in
peak hottest years starting in 1998 and continuing on through 2005, 2010, and now 2014 is roughly 0.1 C per decade, as is illustrated in the graphic shown
below, which is an adaption of the Ed Hawkins graphic referenced by David Apell several weeks ago in a comment he posted in response to the «Spinning the «
warmest year»» article... As shown in the above graphic, if a trend of
peak hottest years starts in 1998 and is then extrapolated at a rate of +0.1 C per decade out to the year 2035, the extrapolated trend just skirts the lower boundary of the model ensemble range interval described by IPPC AR5 RCP (all 5 - 95 % range).
For these Mid-Century Strategies (MCSs) to be consistent with the Paris Agreement goal of limiting future
warming to «well
below» 2 °C (3.6 °F), all other countries would need to reach
peak emissions by approximately 2030 and then cut their emissions 3 - 10 % per year, according to new analysis released today from Climate Interactive and MIT Sloan.
Ensuring that global CO2 emissions
peak as soon as possible is crucial for limiting sea - level rises, even if global
warming is limited to well
below 2 °C.