Using one of the world's most powerful soft X-ray microscopes — the Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) and X-ray Emission beamlines — at the Canadian Light Source in tandem with one of the world's highest resolution aberration - corrected transmission electron microscopes housed at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Banerjee and collaborators
from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the UIC and Argonne National Laboratory were able to observe the unique electronic properties of their novel vanadium
pentoxide and directly prove magnesium - ion intercalation into the material.