This can be done by presenting the immune system with weakened germs (polio in
people, distemper in dogs), killed or inactivated germs (rabies for dogs, horses, and
people, some Lyme disease vaccines for dogs); parts of germs (newer Lyme vaccines for dogs and Rabies vaccines for cats); or similar germs (early use of
cowpox to prevent smallpox in
people, measles vaccine to prevent distemper in dogs).