The first compares the cost
per kWh produced or saved from solar and energy efficiency when done individually or together.
For this comparison, we looked at the average cost
per kWh produced from a typical solar system today, the average cost per kWh from residential energy efficiency, and the cost per kWh when efficiency and solar are done together.
Not exact matches
Cleaner coal will be more expensive, too, adding at least 4 cents
per kilowatt - hour to the power Mountaineer
produces at roughly 5 cents
per kWh.
At a cost of less than 3 cents
per kilowatt - hour, tornado energy is cheaper than burning coal (which rings up at 4 or 5 cents
per kwh) and
produces no additional greenhouse gases.
In the first twelve months, the array
produced 1266 kilowatt - hours electricity
per installed kilowatt, one third more than the average value of 950
kWh / kW in Germany.
For now, only Ontario offers the generous rates, although some provinces will credit your hydro bill for eight to 11 cents
per kWh for any excess
produced.
However, the amount of CO2
produced per kWh of energy delivered to the public is significantly greater when gasification is used.
The E-126 should
produce about 20,000,000
kwh per annum, enough to power about 5,000 European homes (less in North - America, of course).
It's expected to
produce 17 million
kWh of electricity
per year — enough power according to SOLON for 5,000 households, and preventing the emissions of 9,000 metric tons of CO2 annually.
ECR International's freewatt MCHP system uses heat generated by a reciprocating Honda engine to
produce 12,000 BTU / hr of heat while simultaneously co-generating 1.2 kW of electric power for a home or building up to 5,000
kWh per year!
One REC is equal to 1,000
kWh of solar generation, a standard 5kW system will
produce about 6,000
kWh per year resulting in 6 SREC's.
The power
produced in Ontario in 2013 by OPG generated revenue for them of 5.7 cents
per kWh; a 1.4 cent
per kWh increase or 33 % since 2002.
The solar system is providing energy savings of 18 %, while
producing 3,500
kWh of surplus energy
per year.
The amount of this credit is equal to the participant's utility rates — for e.g., if someone pays 10 cents
per unit (kilowatt - hour or
kWh), they will receive a credit for 10 cents for each
kWh of solar
produced (the actual credit may vary slightly to account for transmission and distribution losses).
When a solar system
produces more power than what is being used in the home this excess power is sent to the grid and credited by SCE at the retail power rate
per kWh.
In cooperation with the city - owned utility company Stadtwerke München (SWM), Munich is aiming to
produce enough green electricity at its own plants by 2025 to meet the power requirements of the entire municipality of Munich — at least 7.5 billion kilowatt hours (
kWh)
per year.
The New York Energy Plan estimates that the eight wind farms, with a combined 250 wind turbines, would
produce approximately 900,000 kilo - watt hours (
kWh) of electricity
per year.
The amount of power
produced from the three plants, assuming a generous 30 percent capacity factor, would equal a little over 1.6 billion
kWh of electricity
per year.
To be competitive with the diesel generators, the turbines need to be able to
produce power for 15 cents
per kWh or less.
New Mexico legislators have decided (according to the Albuquerque Journal) to exempt wind generation equipment from NMís gross receipts tax in addition to providing the wind farm owner a $ 0.01
per kWh state income tax credit for the first 400,000,000
kWh of electricity
produced during each of the first 10 years, and authority to use of industrial development bonds.
Aurora's performance simulation engine estimates that this design
produces 10,400
kWh per year, and it will
produce 320.5 MWh over the project life [4].
The indicators emissions
per capita, emissions
per GDP and CO2 /
kWh are adjusted as if the generation of electricity from nuclear power had
produced 350 gCO2 /
kWh (emission factor for natural gas).
Assuming a hypothetical PPA that would allow the Parkers to purchase the energy
produced by their solar system at a rate of $ 0.06
per kWh, with a 2 % annual escalation over a 20 - year contract, the solar project looks a lot more appealing.
Rhode Islanders of all income levels will soon be able to shop for solar on a utility - sponsored website that points them to independent installers and offers a long - term contract for the power they
produce at rates over 30 cents
per kWh — well above the 19 - cent average retail rate — and even higher if they first take steps to improve their energy efficiency.
That's similar to savings in Detroit, MI, even though a system in Hartford is expected to
produce 2,200 fewer
kWh per year.
For example: if you pay $ 0.11
per kWh for electricity from your utility, you'll get a $ 0.11 credit on your bill for every
kWh of solar energy that your panels
produce and send back to the grid.
This deal has had implications for future power plant construction planning, because import of electricity from Bulgaria, at 3 - 3.5 cents
per kWh, is actually cheaper than the incremental cost of
producing electricity from a new thermal - electric power plant (about 5 cents
per kWh).
In states with true net metering, you'll receive a
per -
kWh credit equal to the cost of electricity on your bill for the energy your solar panels
produce.
This market would allow Ontario businesses and residents to access surplus clean power at the wholesale market price of less than two cents
per kilowatt - hour (
KWh), which could displace the use of fossil fuels by using things like dual fuel (gas and electric) water heaters, and by
producing emission - free hydrogen fuel.
If the house was to remain on the grid it could displace 9500
kWh of fossil - fuel - generated electricity, reduce the nation's emissions by 5 - 10 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year (see CO2 released
per kWh) and
produce an income for the householder of $ 760 / year (if the electricity was sold for $ 0.08 /
kWh to an energy retailer such as Diamond Energy).
In addition, the nuclear advocates all talk about the next generation of nuclear power that would not only use a fraction of current uranium consumption
per kWh but may also be able to extract power from the nuclear waste that has been
produced to date.
Renewable power generators get roughly an additional 4 cents
per kWh of electricity
produced on top of the wholesale price.
Once I had kg CO2 emissions
per kWh of electricity
produced in a single column, I could see which states were best and which were worst.
The indicators «emissions
per capita», «emissions
per GDP» and «CO2
per kWh electricity» for all countries have therefore been adjusted as if the generation of electricity from nuclear power had
produced 350 gCO2 /
kWh (emission factor for natural gas).
A new patents pending solar energy system will soon make it possible to
produce electricity at a wholesale cost of 5 cents
per kWh (kilowatt hour).
* Note that the $ 0.02
per kWh assumption does not take into account that fact that the use of wind turbines to
produce electricity imposes additional costs.
* If those wind turbines operated at full capacity for 24 hours
per day and 365 days
per year, they would
produce 3,416,400,000
kWh of electricity (i.e., 390,000 kW x 8760).
Pat's system
produces 5,000
kWh per year, saving $ 250 / year in electricity costs (5,000
kWh / year x $ 0.05 /
kWh = $ 250).
Those solar panels
produce an average of 1,092
kWh per month, only 5.7 % of Gore's typical monthly energy consumption.
A turbine of this size will
produce around 8,000
kWh of electricity
per year in 12 - mph average winds.
The DOE provides information on carbon footprints and estimates geothermal power at 0.18 pounds or 84 grams CO2 equivalent
per kilowatt hour (g CO2e /
kWh)
produced.
Solar panels
produce around 1130
kWh of power
per year
per kw of DC peak capacity installed.
If you divide the sum of the solar and wind employees in 2016 into half of the reported renewable sources generation you get 0.8 million
kWh produced per employee.
The tower is also supplied with 100 % locally
produced renewable energy, and the tower is said to be living up to the objective of 105
kWh per square meter
per year.
If you divide the number of coal - industry employees in 2016 into the total coal generation you get 24.3 million
kWh produced per employee.
According to the company, the units, which come with a 10 - year warranty and are about the size of an AC unit, can
produce water at a price ranging between 3.5 cents to 8 cents
per gallon, depending on the power source used and the heat and humidity conditions at the location, with an estimated energy consumption of about 0.51
kWh per gallon.
Wind turbine project installed cost: $ 2,000 / kW Typical mechanical life of a wind turbine: 20 years Hours
per year: 8,760 Average availability of wind power: 24 % Market value of 1
kWh of electricity at production site: $ 0.07 Value of total electricity
produced during wind turbine life: 20 x 8,760 x 0.24 x $ 0.07 = $ 2,943 / kW installed As you can see the payback on wind turbine projects is iffy even with no maintenance and operating costs included in the equation.
Armed with the above result of 0.236 kg CO2
per kWh electricity
produced in NY state, I want to calculate the CO2 footprint of my 1000 miles of e-bike riding.
For comparison here is the same equation for a coal - fired power plant: Coal power project installed cost: $ 2,500 / kW (High end number — Some coal fired plants are built for $ 1,500 / kW) Typical life of a coal fired plant: 30 years Hours
per year: 8,760 Average availability of coal - fired power plant: 88 % Total electricity production during plant life: 231,000
kWh / kW installed Value of electricity
produced: $ 16,188 / kW installed Lifetime Cost of fuel = 231,000 x $ 0.006 = $ 1,388 / kW installed Net Value of total electricity
produced during plant life: $ 14,800 / kW installed.
That the author is using innacurate information can be easily demonstrated by looking at the economics: a typical 200W polycrystalline panel mounted facing south at about a 30 - degree pitch in, say, Pennsylvania, will
produce about 220
kWh per year or about 5,500
kWh over a 25 - year lifespan (most panels are expected to last over 30 years).