Sentences with phrase «per ton of»

The estimates range from 54 euros (54 US dollars) per ton of CO2 captured, to $ 600 per ton.

The best way to drive energy innovation would be an emissions charge of $ 5 per ton of greenhouse gases beginning in 2012, rising to $ 100 per ton by 2032.

Analyses of the results of the program by researchers from Stanford University and the University of California at Davis found that the program's cost was between $ 162 and $ 500 per ton of carbon dioxide emissions avoided.

They compared the cost per ton of carbon reduced for a variety of generation and energy efficiency measures.

The committee estimated the cost of direct air capture with chemicals at $ 600 per ton of CO2, seven times more expensive than proposed technologies to remove CO2 from a coal plant smokestack.

For as little as $ 12 per ton of carbon offsets, brides and grooms can make a quick, easy investment in renewable energy by choosing one of three options: helping build new wind power projects, new family farm methane energy projects, or a combination of both.

Qteros says that it can produce 120 - 135 gallons of ethanol per ton of Recyllose.

12 February 2008 - Bank of America announces that it will start factoring in a cost of $ 20 - 40 per ton of carbon emissions in its risk analysis when evaluating loan applications from utilities.

(See a recent piece in the Atlantic, in which my ASU colleague Daniel Sarewitz and the University of Colorado at Boulder's Roger Pielke Jr. write that estimates range from $ 20 per ton of CO2 to two orders of magnitude higher.)

At best CTL produces 2.3 barrels of liquid fuel per ton of coal (there is about 4 boe in a ton of typical bituminous coal).

The study, based on overlaying maps of proposed oil palm development with maps showing carbon - density and wildlife distribution in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), estimates that REDD is financially competitive, and potentially able to fund forest conservation, with oil palm at carbon prices of $ 10 - $ 33 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e).

Econometric models have produced estimates of $ 50 to $ 100 per ton of avoided carbon emissions — savings from reductions in anticipated sea - level rise, agricultural damage, and other damages.

What's true for gasoline applies to energy in general, as the Citizen's Climate Lobby confirmed in a 2016 report analyzing the short - term financial impact of its fee and dividend idea set at a level of $ 15 per ton of carbon dioxide.

Suppose that China refuses to reduce emissions, while the United States adopts policies that set a price of $ 100 per ton of carbon emissions.

That puts an economic value of about 10 bucks per ton of manure.

Patrick 259 — Sweden started out with $ 100 per ton of CO2 ($ 27 per ton of C) and has now raised it to $ 150, with significant effects on Swedish CO2 output.

BPL, 100 $ per ton of CO2 is not 27 $ per ton of C but rather 300 $, since 1 tC = 3t CO2 approximately.

If the cost per ton of CO2 is too small, it won't be enough to overcome inertia.

My back - of - the - envelope estimate puts the net social benefit to date at around $ 900 per ton of carbon (or $ 245 per ton of CO2, as Jim D would express it).

Why bother to cut and mill 2x4s when wood as fuel will yield double or triple per ton of lumber.

So the net social benefit of carbon to date has been $ 35 trillion divided by 380 GtC, or roughly $ 920 per ton of carbon emitted.

Whether one uses the «cost / benefit of carbon» expressed per ton of CO2 or ton of carbon makes a difference of 44/12 or a factor of 3.67.

10 On the other hand, if Korea complied with the treaty and had a domestic CO2 price of at least $ 25 per ton of CO2, its trade would be treated as normal international commerce with no border tax adjustments.

Suppose that the internationally negotiated minimum carbon price was $ 25 per ton of CO2.

For this discussion, I use as an example the midpoint of the estimates in Figure 33, which is $ 25 per ton of CO 2 in 2015 and rises sharply after that.

There would be a membership fee to join the club — hypothetically, a fee of $ 25 per ton of carbon.

With a carbon tax, laws or regulations are enacted that establish a fee per ton of carbon emissions from a sector or the whole economy.

It is likely that the first commercial - scale DAC projects will cost several hundreds of dollars per ton of concentrated CO2, but as manufacturing improves over time, these costs are likely to come down significantly, especially if DAC is manufactured modularly like many startups are attempting to do.

But in general economists who have tried to sum the negative and positive benefits come up with large — potentially very large — net damages per ton of carbon.

Air pollution other than greenhouse gases, and congestion from incorrectly priced fuels, cause an extra $ 57.50 in damage per ton of carbon dioxide, even though it is not the CO2 doing the damage.

The $ price should placed on all energy producers like so: $» x» per ton of GHG's emitted per standardized energy unit of production.

The $ 15 per ton of CO2 «starter tax» mentioned earlier, equating to around 14 cents a gallon of gasoline, fits the lower end of that range.

IMF says in these countries, air pollution other than greenhouse gases, and congestion from incorrectly priced fuels, cause an extra $ 57.50 in damage per ton of carbon dioxide, although the damage is not from the CO2.

Landowners, companies, and others would be rewarded for planting trees (or protecting them in the case of tropical forests) with a tax credit of $ 10 to $ 20 per ton of carbon sequestered — once they've demonstrated that they'd actually sequestered the carbon.

Rep. Larson's bill would start modestly at $ 15 per ton of CO2.

A carbon tax may be a tax per ton of carbon or, more commonly, per ton of CO2.

A $ 1 tax per ton of CO2 is equal to a $ 3.7 tax per ton of carbon because carbon constitutes roughly 3/11 of the weight of CO2.

Converting currencies and metrics, it equates to a very modest $ 7.80 per ton of CO2.

By linking changes in coal stockpiles to changes in PM2.5 at nearby monitors, we were able to estimate how much particulate matter is generated per ton of coal stored.

House Democrats released a «discussion draft» of carbon tax legislation Tuesday and requested feedback on whether pricing per ton of carbon should result in a $ 15, $ 25, or $ 35 tax, as well as whether the price per ton annual increase

Bank of America announces that it will start factoring in a cost of $ 20 — 40 per ton of carbon emissions in its risk analysis when evaluating loan applications from utilities.

For this reason and others, such as the choice of social discount rate, the estimates of the SCC range from near zero to hundreds of dollars per ton of carbon.

This has left us with highly variable estimates of project costs, ranging from Klaus Lackner's claim that air capture could be effectuated for less than $ 100 per ton of carbon dioxide to more than $ 1000 in a 2011 study, as well as the American Physical Society's estimate of about $ 600 per ton.

But if the costs of air capture decrease to $ 100 per ton of carbon, then it would prove much more cost - effective than stabilizing at 450 ppm or 550 ppm.

He runs the analysis for 3 different (and citable) estimates of the cost of air capture — $ 500, $ 360 and $ 100 per ton of carbon.

A 2008 McKinsey report estimated that if about 100 carbon capture and storage projects were built by 2030, the cost of removing 90 % of the CO2 produced from new coal plants might fall to $ 37 - 55 per ton of CO2.

But the 2 tons of CO2 per ton of coal will likely cost as much to handle EACH as the coal, tripling cost.

Akbari also estimates that, at $ 25 per ton of CO2, switching to reflective roofs and pavement would save $ 600 billion total, with well over that in reduced electricity consumption from air conditioning.

First, it is likely that CCS will be economically practical only for new plants, and only when CO2 allowance prices exceed $ 100 per ton of CO2 for early adopters (cost estimates have increased over the past few years, as technological and institutional challenges have become clearer).

For example, a $ 100 per ton of CO2 allowance price would increase the average cost of electricity generation from coal - fired power plants by about 400 %, the average cost of electricity generation from natural gas plants by about 100 %, and gasoline prices by about $ 1.00 per gallon.