Sentences with phrase «per unit of»

With a one - party, socialist - communist political system, once the decision was made at the top to embrace climate action, Chinese officials have been able to move fast since 2007, when the 11th five - year plan set first - ever energy consumption targets: a reduction of 20 percent energy use per unit of gross domestic product by 2012.

In Illinois, ratepayers have been spending fifteen times more per unit of energy for Solar Renewable Energy Certificates than for nuclear's new Zero Emission Certificates.

Green homes typically use more efficient lighting solutions, including fluorescent bulbs and light emitting diodes (LEDs), which generate less heat and more light per unit of electricity consumed.

Consistent with the reduction required from developed countries, the objective was to reduce emissions per unit of value - added by 80 % by 2020.

We would have to develop new technologies that use energy more efficiently, emit less carbon per unit of energy, remove carbon from the atmosphere, and / or reduce the harm done by carbon dioxide.

The real costs of a program to address global warming are crucially dependent on how much time and money it would take to develop and diffuse these technologies, plus the incremental costs per unit of energy (if any) they would impose once deployed.

First introduced in 1992, the PTC allows eligible wind generators to take an inflation - adjusted tax credit per unit of generation (2.3 cents per kilowatthour in 2014) for the first ten years of operation.

China's 12th Five Year Plan (2011 - 2015) sets a national target for the reduction of carbon emissions, through the reduction of carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40 - 45 % by 2020.

There is a national goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP over the 2005 to 2010 term by 20 percent.

Emissions coefficient: A unique value for scaling emissions to activity data in terms of a standard rate of emissions per unit of activity (e.g., pounds of carbon dioxide emitted per Btu of fossil fuel consumed).

energy intensity ratio between the consumption of energy to a given quantity; usually refers to the amount of primary or final energy consumed per unit of gross domestic or national product

As part of that accord, China pledged to increase the share of non — fossil fuels in its energy mix to around 20 percent and to lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60 percent to 65 percent of 2005 levels.

According to the report, China successfully decreased its energy intensity per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between 2006 - 2010 and has become a global leader in renewable energy technology investment.

Coal contains about 77 percent more carbon, per unit of energy, than natural gas.

If all nations reduce their «GHG emissions per unit of GDP» by 5 % per year, global GHG emissions will be 50 % lower in 2050 than in 2010 as long as the global economy continues to grow at its historical rate of 3.5 % per year.

At the same time, the global climate change mitigation effort will reduce the CO2 emissions per unit of electricity and steel inputs, further limiting life - cycle greenhouse gas emissions.

Its aim is to provide elements for decisions on a policy mix that will optimize carbon emission reduction (less carbon content per unit of output) and socioeconomic benefits with the needed urgency.

Burning coal emits the highest amount of CO2 per unit of energy it delivers, so coal is first on the firing line when it comes to emissions regulation and carbon pricing.

And even with strong international climate policies, more rapid decarbonization (the rate of decrease in emissions per unit of GDP) will require higher costs and major policy change.

Material requirements per unit of electricity supplied through life for nuclear power are about 1 / 10th those of renewables

China has succeeded in growing its economy and lifting more people out of poverty, while reducing its CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (carbon intensity) by 15 percent between 2005 and 2011.

The cheapest power plant to build, per unit of output capacity, is a gas - turbine, a GT.

It would be much more appropriate to refer to the equilibrium amount of increase in sea level per unit of achieved equilibrium temperature increase.

That is because extensive rather than intensive farming demands more soil, with higher levels of taint and pollution in the rivers and lakes, per unit of food produced.

By far, the biggest step the administration has taken on climate change is setting strict rules limiting carbon emissions per unit of electricity produced for all new power plants constructed in the United States.

Today, the State Council announced that China will commit to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP, or carbon intensity, by 40 to 45 percent of 2005 levels by 2020.

The reason is easy to understand: renewable fuels are energy - diffuse, meaning that there is very little energy per unit of mass compared to both fossil fuels and uranium.

Obama has vowed to cut wasted energy by 50 percent, and to double «energy productivity,» or economic output per unit of energy consumed.

China has announced it will reduce its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by between 40 and 45 % of 2005 levels by 2020.

Rather it proposes a reduction in the emissions created per unit of economic activity, ensuring it can continue to grow its economy but proposing to do so more efficiently.

China sets 2020 targets to raise non-fossil fuel's share of primary energy consumption to 15 percent, and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent compared to 2005 levels.

The aiTCS is basicly the rise surface temperature per unit of increase of CO2 in the atmopshere.

The additional electrical output per unit of fuel as well as valuable efficiencies in water consumption and emissions should make the latest technology (when viewed over the life of the plant) highly attractive.

Natural gas emits less carbon dioxide per unit of energy than coal.

Even when the plants do a Fukushima (an exceedingly rare occurrence and the frequency per unit of electricity produced is decreasing), the fatalities and health consequences are negligible and, properly normalised for the amount of electricity they supply, are less than any other electricity generation technology operating routinely.

Implementing efficiency improvements at existing generators to lower energy input per unit of net electricity generation (heat rate improvement)

RMI's Reinventing Fire: China collaboration with ERI, EF / C, and LBNL is turning up cost - effective practical potential to raise China's 2050 carbon productivity (GDP per unit of fossil fuel) by ≥ 15x.

[D] espite additions of substantial wind, solar, and nuclear capacity, when properly adjusted for capacity factor (the amount of annual energy produced per unit of capacity) to reflect production capability, the amount of new coal energy added to the China grid last year exceeded new solar energy by 17 times, new wind energy by more than 4 times, and even new hydro by more than 3 times.

Also, schemes for electrolyzing water with sunlight could be competitive in cost per unit of area with photovoltaics.

Natural gas, when extracted and burned without leakage, produces about half the carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced compared to coal.

He then described Mr. Bush's chosen way of measuring progress — by tracking the amount of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (tons per dollar)-- and said the country was on track to reach Mr. Bush's goal, set in 2002, of an 18 percent drop in greenhouse «intensity» by 2012.

When one refers to a flux or intensity at some ν or λ, etc, it is implied that this is a flux or intensity per unit of the spectrum:

[5:38 p.m. Updated The perils of blogging on three hours of red - eye sleep became readily apparent when many comment contributors noted that the most important comparison is subsidies per unit of energy produced.

See Fig 1 which shows the spectrum of OLR (outgoing LW radiation)-- the smooth curve is the Planck function for 288 K, approximate surface temperature, scaled (by a factor of pi steradians) to be in terms of flux per unit area per unit of the spectrum.

One can also refer to monochromatic (spectral) fluxes and intensities, which is the flux or intensity at a particular frequency ν (or wavelength λ, or photon energy E) per unit of the spectrum (per interval of ν or λ or E, or even per unit log (ν), etc.).

If polarization ever matters, one could refer to flux or intensity for some subset of the «polarization spectrum», or to a flux or intensity at a particular polarization — if I ever do this, assume it is per unit of the polarization spectrum.

All have carbon cycles that release significantly more CO2 than that of petroleum per unit of useful work provided.

If I use the Planck function in the context of polarized radiation, assume if I don't otherwise specify it, that it is the original Planck function (monochromatic blackbody intensity as a function of temprature) divided by some value that represents the range of polarizations, so that it is an intensity per unit of the polarization spectrum.

Therefore the unit for the sensitivity is the number of degrees per each unit of forcing i.e. °C / (W / m2).

It is great to see China continuing to pursue policies that cut emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of economic output.