Today, most gasoline contains 10
percent ethanol by volume.
Not exact matches
A more realistic, if still optimistic, scenario sketched
by the National Corn Growers Association anticipates that corn
ethanol production will quadruple to 16 billion gallons
by 2015, not quite 7
percent of the likely demand.
By 2001 every BTU consumed in
ethanol production generated 67
percent more energy, when coproducts like distillers» grains are taken into account.
But the mice that had a week of
ethanol injections — the «hard - drinkers» — lingered in their cocaine compartments much longer, increasing their time there
by 14
percent.
He found that over 30 years, corn - based
ethanol would actually increase emissions
by nearly 100
percent, because farmers exploit previously unfarmed land to grow corn for
ethanol.
By 2016 about 43
percent of thatarea will be used to harvest corn for
ethanol.
A Northwestern University study
by an economist and a chemist reports that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to mostly switch from
ethanol to gasoline in their flexible - fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20
percent.
But the research suggests that even if researchers maximized the capacity to grow biofuels on all marginal lands, «the amount of cellulosic
ethanol it could produce is only enough to provide 1.5
percent of U.S. transportation fuel
by 2020.»
This means that switchgrass
ethanol delivers 540
percent of the energy used to produce it, compared with just roughly 25
percent more energy returned
by corn - based
ethanol according to the most optimistic studies.
A massive expansion of land use for sugar cane growth in Brazil, and a subsequent increase in
ethanol production with the feedstock could reduce global carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector
by up to 86
percent of 2014 levels, according to research published in the October issue of the journal Nature Climate Change.
* U.S.
ethanol production falls 32,000 bpd to 872,000 bpd * U.S. weekly
ethanol stocks rise to 18.8 mln barrels (Corrects recent high in
ethanol futures to three - year high from record high, paragraph eight)
By Michael Hirtzer CHICAGO, July 13 (Reuters)- U.S.
ethanol production fell 3.5
percent while stocks climbed in the latest reporting week, despite profitable margins at many biofuel refineries.
The Corvette Z06 E85 Concept pace car is based on the production Z06 — already one of the fastest and most powerful cars on the market — and is powered
by E85, which consists of 85
percent ethanol and 15
percent gasoline.
E85 today is primarily made with grain - based
ethanol that reduces carbon dioxide emissions
by as much as 29
percent compared with pure gasoline.
Fuel economy is approximately 30
percent worse when running E85, but this can be offset
by the the
ethanol mix's lower price.
Analysis
by Kansas State grain scientists found that next generation DDGs (left - overs from the production of
ethanol that includes residues of yeast) contain 50.8
percent crude protein, compared with 47.8
percent in soybean meal or 67.1
percent in corn gluten meal.
Today, the House Energy and Commerce Committee should be holding a hearing on advancing America's, and the world's, energy future
by initiating a sustained quest to break the economic shackles imposed
by enduring dependence on oil (that doesn't involve using 40
percent of our corn crop to produce
ethanol in a world facing food price spikes).
Among their suggestions were the following: expand conservation tillage to 100
percent of cropland, stop all deforestation, drive two billion cars on
ethanol, increase wind power 80-fold to make hydrogen for cars, replace 1,400 large coal - fired power plants with gas - fired ones, and cut electricity use in buildings
by 25
percent.
Since 2008,
ethanol production has increased
by 33
percent.
Other boosters, including Woolsey, claim there are huge energy gains (as much as 700
percent) to be had
by making
ethanol from grass.
Mid-range gasoline -
ethanol blends (greater than 10
percent and less than 85
percent ethanol) should only be used in vehicles approved for their use
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
fuel mixtures containing 85
percent or more
by volume of methanol, denatured
ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels
And there was this: «
By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that corn - based
ethanol, instead of producing a 20
percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»
It cited «plausible scenarios in which GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions from corn - grain
ethanol are much higher than those of petroleum - based fuels,» and questioned the method
by which EPA determined that
ethanol would produce 21
percent less emissions.
The 88
percent figure is what the Wang study concluded would be accomplished
by ethanol made from switchgrass, which holds greater promise of greenhouse gas reduction than corn - based
ethanol, but isn't yet being produced in large quantities.
For example, a 2012 study headed
by Michael Wang of the Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy projected that the corn - based
ethanol found at practically all U.S. fuel pumps would cut carbon emissions
by around 34
percent in 2015 (Table 7), even when considering changes in land use.
The United States alone would require six times its arable land — and 75
percent of the world's cultivated land — to supply its needs with
ethanol made from corn, according to calculations
by Vaclav Smil, an energy expert at the University of Manitoba.
By encouraging certain traits in their Q - microbe, Frey said Qteros has increased its ethanol output by 80 percen
By encouraging certain traits in their Q - microbe, Frey said Qteros has increased its
ethanol output
by 80 percen
by 80
percent.
The bill would eliminate the current mandate to blend 15 billion gallons of corn
ethanol into fuel
by 2022 and ban
ethanol fuel content over ten
percent.
Montford notes «
By 2012... some estimates suggest that 40
percent of the US corn crop was being used for
ethanol production.»
Cultivated appropriately, they can reduce emissions
by 85
percent compared to corn
ethanol.
If CAFE drops gasoline demand from 140 billion gallons per year to 100 billion gallons, and the RFS requires 36 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2022, the current blend of E10 (gasoline with 10
percent ethanol) will need to be increased to E40 nationwide.
Because of this policy,
ethanol production now consumes approximately 40
percent of the U.S. corn crop, and the cost of corn for use in food production has increased
by 193
percent since 2005 [the year before the RFS took effect].
Replacing MTBE
by ethanol requires only a
percent of
ethanol in gasoline.
When we assume the
ethanol production process is fully renewable, it would take all the corn in the country to displace about 3.5
percent of our gasoline consumption — only slightly more than we could displace
by making sure drivers» tires are inflated properly.
Colorado corn acreage is expected to grow
by 25
percent this year in response to the high demand for corn - based
ethanol, but agricultural economists say fears of resulting higher food prices are largely unfounded.
Next up, Brazil, a land of cars running on flex fuels using sugarcane
ethanol; then it's on to the gas - guzzling city of Houston, which under the leadership of Mayor Annise Parker is working to support e-vehicles and get fifty
percent of its power from wind
by 2030.
But another statistic was barely noted, except
by specialists: the department predicted that the use of corn
by the
ethanol industry would also decrease 10
percent in the forecast year, to 4.5 billion bushels.
The decision in May 2009 to raise U.S. auto fuel efficiency standards 40
percent by 2016 will reduce U.S. dependence on oil far more than converting the country's entire grain harvest into
ethanol could.
In passing the Act, Congress intended to replace 30
percent of petroleum vehicle fuel use with alternative fuels
by 2010, through federal purchase of less polluting vehicles, and
by harnessing the purchasing power of the federal government to spur the market for natural gas, propane,
ethanol and electric vehicles, which produce less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
The cleanest alternative, cellulosic
ethanol from grasses or wood chips, could reduce emissions
by more than 85
percent (graph, click to enlarge).
Green House Gases: Replacing 2.4 % of gasoline
by ethanol gives a reduction of 0.024 * 0.13 = 0.00312 (0.3
percent) reduction in gasoline green house gases.
Earlier this week API highlighted new research
by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) on serious potential problems with vehicle fuel systems when operated on E15 fuel — gasoline containing 15
percent ethanol.