«We do not passively detect information in the world and then react to it - we construct
perceptions of the world as the architects of our own experience,» they commented.
Lewontin was satisfied that creationism can not survive because its acceptance of miracles puts it at odds with the more rational
perception of the world as a place where all events have natural causes.
They first sought to establish a link between beliefs about scientific progress and
perceptions of the world as orderly, predicting that the more people believed, the more order they would perceive.
Priscilla's presence quickly does as much to shake up Rebecca's
perception of the world as it does to stabilize her life.
10/11/2017 -11 / 2/2018 Peter Bremers: Looking Beyond the Mirror From a master of the kiln - casting technique in glass sculpture comes two distinct bodies of work in Peter Bremers» abstract style that express his exploration of human existence, from the perspective of the individual's
perception of the world as well as an observation of our collective power as a group of individuals.
Not exact matches
But bond investors have continued to flock to the debt
of the United States, which
as the
world's largest economy has retained the
perception of a financial safe haven.
The myth is fed by the public's
perception of groundbreaking companies
as having come out
of nowhere to rock the
world.
Yes our quality
of life is still quite good relative to SOME other countries... that not really what people are thinking though when they use the term «3rd
world country» — they are talking about the trending that they see — and the media reflects a
perception out there that things are trending in a negative direction... look, if you read my original posts, you will see that they have much less to do with our economy
as they have to do with WHY we are involved in the middle east and the SOCIAL impact
of that.
Certainly that
perception, combined with various corruptions
of monasticism so caustically criticized by Erasmus and others, led Reformers such
as Luther and Calvin to sharply contrast the monastic call «from the
world» with the authentically Christian call «into the
world.»
However that may be, there also persisted a widespread
perception in medieval Christianity that those who worked «in the
world,»
as distinct from monastics and clerics more generally, were engaged in a less worthy way
of life and, indeed, were second «class Christians.
While cosmology may mean several different things, the theologian's contribution is concerned with «accounts
of the
world as God's creation,» and, within that broad compass, one specific enterprise especially needed in our time involves «imaginative
perceptions of how the
world seems am where we stand in it» (Tracy and Lash, vii) 5 In other words.
This biblical inversion
of our ordinary
perceptions and expectations, shaped
as they are by the
world's priorities, cures our astigmatism.
We have a basis for a revived sacramentalism, that is, a
perception of the divine
as visible,
as present, palpably present in the
world.
«The term can refer to theological accounts
of the
world as God's creation; or to philosophical reflection on the categories
of space and time; or to observational and theoretical study
of the structure and evolution
of the physical universe; or, finally, to «
world views»: unified imaginative
perceptions of how the
world seems and where we stand in it» (Tracy and Lash, vii).
Part
of the difficulties
of Cartesian philosophy, and
of any philosophy which accepts [presentational immediacy]
as a complete account
of perception, is to explain how we know more than this meager fact about the
world although our only avenue
of direct knowledge limits us to this barren residuum.
Although many
of those concerned for environmental protection are thinking about the natural
world simply
as it relates to human beings, the leaders
of the environmental movement have been moved to
perception and action by deeper changes.
If this
world, its inherent physical laws, and one's veridical
perceptions are a result
of one's consciousness, then that consciousness (
as a result
of neurophysiology) are nothing but impressions left by external stimuli, a result
of that consciousness.
Ingrained
perceptions of cultural superiority
of one group over others have led to conflicts such
as the European invasion
of the rest
of the
world to «civilize» them, and
of Hitler Germany's attitude
of ethnic purification towards Jews.
For Santayana intent is a kind
of felt turning to the
world and readiness to take intuited essences
as describing it intent and intuition are thus aspects
of every sort
of perception (and thought), not two types
of perception.
Perception is an active process in which a person trains attention on part
of the
world and struggles to filter out irrelevant detail so
as to discern the important features
of the «facts» and to locate them in their context
of meaning.
As such it is to be distinguished from the perception of an object merely as passively situated in the external world and not experienced as affecting the sentien
As such it is to be distinguished from the
perception of an object merely
as passively situated in the external world and not experienced as affecting the sentien
as passively situated in the external
world and not experienced
as affecting the sentien
as affecting the sentient.
Insofar
as it treats the relatedness
of prehensions, this has to do with strains which are closely associated with the
perception of the con - temporary
world in presentational immediacy.
In contrast stands the more basic
perception in the mode
of causal efficacy; which «is our general sense
of existence,
as one item among others in an efficacious external
world» and «
of derivation from an immediate past, and
of passage to an immediate future»; its data «are vague, not to be controlled, heavy with emotion.»
This charge, too, must be taken seriously,
as we recognize the truth in the
perceptions of the peoples
of the Fourth
World.
As Walter Lippmann said in his groundbreaking book Public Opinion, humans act in the real
world on the basis
of the
perceptions created increasingly for us by the media's pseudo-environment.
Corresponding to Kant's pure intuition
of space, Whitehead presupposes the
perception of the contemporary
world as extensive continuum.
, The Philosophy
of Alfred North Whitehead (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1941), pp. 33 - 46, revised
as chapter seven
of his Understanding Whitehead (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1963); Wolfe Mays, «The Relevance
of «On Mathematical Concepts
of the Material
World» to Whitehead's Philosophy» in RW; and Paul F. Schmidt,
Perception and Cosmology in Whitehead's Philosophy (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1967).
Perception is a complex process
of interpretation
of «data from the real
world»
as well
as of «proposals» about the past, actual
world germane to its possible future states.
Both «symbolic reference» and «propositional feelings» have receptive and imaginative aspects; but, whereas Whitehead emphasized the former, cognitive aspect in his discussion
of «symbolic reference,»
as a rebuttal to Hume and Kant, he emphasized the latter, creative aspect in his discussion
of «propositions,» an emphasis needed to counter «the interest in logic, dominating over-intellectualized philosophers,» among whom «aesthetic delight» is eclipsed by «judgment» (cf. PR 184 - 86 and WH 33) In «symbolic reference» a dim, but indirect, mode
of perception («causal efficacy») is combined with a clear, but indirect, mode
of perception («presentational immediacy»), which produces a sense
of the external
world.
First, he distinguishes from classical empiricism a revisionary description
of experience according to which sense
perception is neither the only nor even the primary mode
of experience, but is rather derived from a still more elemental awareness both
of ourselves and
of the
world around us» (PP 78).6 On Ogden's analysis, both the classical and this first type
of revisionary empiricism «assume that the sole realities present in our experience, and therefore the only objects
of our certain knowledge, are ourselves and the other creatures that constitute the
world» (PP 79) 7 With these «two more conventional types
of empiricism» he contrasts a «comprehensive» type
of revisionary empiricism distinguished from them by its consideration
of the possibility (and then also by its claim) that the internal awareness it asserts together with the former revisionary type is «the awareness not merely
of ourselves, and
of our fellow creatures, but also
of the infinite whole in which we are all included
as somehow one» (PP 87, 80, 85).
Three emergent theological movements — black theology, feminist theology, and liberation theology from the Third
World — challenge traditional ways of doing theology on the grounds that Christian consciousness as it has been» given shape in the modern world is burdened with Western, liberal, male and white perceptions of rea
World — challenge traditional ways
of doing theology on the grounds that Christian consciousness
as it has been» given shape in the modern
world is burdened with Western, liberal, male and white perceptions of rea
world is burdened with Western, liberal, male and white
perceptions of reality.
Even
as he's evoking insect life in terms that recall the domesticity
of The Wind in the Willows, he wants to write about the natural
world as if he had access to it independently
of our
perception of it in human terms»
as if he were capable
of seeing the Insect - in - Itself instead
of the insect
as seen by a man.
In his early research into the child's
world - view, Piaget showed that the thing - concept,
as Whitehead criticized it, actually appears rather late in a child's development and represents an abstraction from earlier and more concrete
perceptions (RME) Not until around ten years
of age does the child come to see «things» in reality in the way the adult sees «things» in reality and uses the thing - concept consciously, that is argumentatively.
At the adverbial level
of perception the continuity
of functions between us and the
world is felt
as patterned qualities.
Thus
perception, in this primary sense, is
perception of the settled
world in the past
as constituted by its feeling - tones, and
as efficacious by reason
of those feeling - tones (PR 182, 184).
We are often exhorted by scientists and philosophers alike to accept the material given to us by sense
perception as though it is the rock - bottom foundation
of our knowledge
of the physical
world, Simultaneously we are told to refrain from coloring neutral sense data over with our subjective wishes and teleological desires.
Because it heeds the contours
of the
world as it finds them, it creates stable forms
of perception, whereas fantasy strives to annihilate all forms.
The pure
perception in the mode
of presentational immediacy without reference to causal efficacy could result in the experience
of the objective
world as illusion.
Because
of the relative shallowness
of the
world as grasped in secondary
perception our symbols, which borrow their first intentionality from this immediate
world of sensation, are never adequate to their second intentionality.
But because the
world of sense
perception is too shallow to contain the depth
of importance resident in the whole
of reality the symbols which employ material from this shallow
world (
as their first intentionality) always remain somewhat off - shore in deeper waters where they appear to us only in a refracted visage.
Schubert Ogden speaks
of «nonsensuous
perception,» which involves «an awareness
of our own past mental and bodily states and
of the wider
world beyond
as they compel conformation to themselves in the present.
A. N. Whitehead (1929) considers the act
of perception as the establishment by the subject
of its causal relation with its own external
world at a particular moment.
A summary
of Merleau - Ponty's treatment
of ambiguity points to Whitehead's notion
of adventure: (i) the irreducible polarity
of body -
world as the ultimate scheme
of existence; (ii) the irreducibility
of perception to either pole
of the body -
world schema; (iii) the affirmation
of freedom
as both centripetal and centrifugal.
In general, it may be said that Merleau - Ponty's treatment
of commitment establishes: (i) the absolute commitment
of the body to the
world and
of the
world to the body,
as the overarching schema
of all
perception and
of all experience; (ii) the relative, reversible, and replaceable commitments in virtue
of which the body realizes its absolute commitment.
Whitehead describes the nature
of the universe and
of reality
as such, while Merleau - Ponty describes the relatedness
of the body and the
world as perception.
As the occasions
of the
world - process (including those
of our own experience) appropriate the power
of a divine ordering principle and ground
of novelty at the primary pole
of perception, they are not forced into a deterministic response to God's influence.
But,
as a material object, the body could expectantly take the form
of stimuli «into account» «only if we introduce the phenomenal body beside the objective one, if we make a knowing - body
of it, and if, in short, we substitute for consciousness [
as Descartes conceived it],
as the subject
of perception, existence or being in the
world through a body» (PP 309).
For example, for the frequently used word «events» (used in describing natural phenomena in space - time coordinate systems) he substituted the term «actual occasions,» which for him gave a more accurate (and richer) picture
of «real» or «concrete» happenings in the natural
world.11 In this regard, he avoided the use
of such commonly employed metaphysical terms such
as «sensation» and «
perception» — derived from seventeenth and eighteenth philosophers such
as Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant — since for him they had a narrow psychological rather than appropriate epistemological meanings.
Indeed, even
as early
as this writing, he acknowledges his uncertainty about the answer to the question
of whether the events grasped by the theoretical language
of mathematics can be sufficient «to «explain our sensations» (IM 33), or whether the mathematically formulated theory is even in a position to make an adequate reconstruction
of other, unrelinquishable references to the
world (such
as sense
perception).
Whitehead does not yet want to call into question the common sense assumption that the
world is an actual unity: «we... endeavor to imagine the
world as one connected set
of things which underlies all the
perceptions of other, unrelinquishable references to the
world (such
as sense
perception»).