Earlier this year the company reported that patients who took PRX - 002 saw their alpha synuclein levels drop by
as much
as 96 %, which is a massive improvement that
performed significantly better than a
placebo.
Langer attributes outcomes such
as this one to the
placebo effect: when people are persuaded to think mindfully about what they are doing, they adopt more positive and empowering beliefs about themselves, and they feel and
perform better.
We also
performed subgroup meta - analyses by type of prevention (primary v secondary: in this study, trials involving healthy populations or patients with any specific disease except for cardiovascular disease were classified
as primary prevention trials, and trials involving patients with cardiovascular disease were classified
as secondary prevention trials), type of supplement by quality and dose (each supplement, vitamins only, antioxidants only, or antioxidants excluding vitamins), type of outcome (cardiovascular death, angina, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or transient ischaemic attack), type of outcome in each supplement, type of study design (randomised, double blind,
placebo controlled trial v open label, randomised controlled trial), methodological quality (high v low), duration of treatment (< 5 years v ≥ 5 years), funding source (pharmaceutical industry v independent organisation), provider of supplements (pharmaceutical industry v not pharmaceutical industry), type of control (
placebo v no
placebo), number of participants (≥ 10000 v < 10000), and supplements given singly or in combination with other vitamin or antioxidant supplements by quality.
Those studies really seek to make sure that the drug is safe, and if a drug passes that Phase I safety trial they move on to a Phase II trial, where that drug is compared against a
placebo — so, no treatment or an existing drug to see if it
performs as well or better than the existing drug.