Sustained
periods of warmer water might reduce crocodiles» ability to find food and dodge predators, they say.
Not exact matches
I'm just a bit confused to whether I can put it back in the fridge again and
warm it up in
water within the 4 hour
period or is it still safe to keep it in
warm water for a
period of time or out in room temperature?!
Experiments carried out in the OU Mars Simulation Chamber — specialised equipment, which is able to simulate the atmospheric conditions on Mars — reveal that Mars» thin atmosphere (about 7 mbar — compared to 1,000 mbar on Earth) combined with
periods of relatively
warm surface temperatures causes
water flowing on the surface to violently boil.
The
warm Atlantic
water continued to flow into the icy Nordic seas during the coldest
periods of the last Ice Age.
«It is widely thought that during cold
periods of the last Ice Age the
warm Atlantic
water had stopped its flow into the Nordic Seas.
This is a marine crocodilian, here a dyrosaurid, swimming in the
warm surface
waters during the end
of the Cretaceous
period.
So the air was getting colder, but the deep ocean
water was getting
warmer, during the coldest
periods of the Ice Age.
«We have found plumes that exist only in
warmer periods, when methane is released along with
water,» says physicist Robert Novak
of Iona College in New Rochelle, New York.
Tuna, marlin and great white sharks heat up certain areas — swimming muscles, parts
of their viscera and the eye and brain — but these regional endotherms can stay at lower depths only for short
periods and must rise to
warmer waters, unlike the deep - dwelling opah.
The decoupling corresponds to
periods when the Gulf Stream, a powerful marine current that carries the
warm waters of the Gulf
of Mexico northwards, was pushed towards the Bay
of Biscay by the moderate iceberg break - up from the North
of the American continent.
Geologists studying a region in the Mexican state
of Veracruz have discovered evidence to explain the origin
of the Wilcox Formation, one
of Mexico's most productive oil plays, as well as support for the theory that
water levels in the Gulf
of Mexico dropped dramatically as it was separated from the rest
of the world's oceans and Earth entered a
period of extreme
warming.
Today, researchers use the term El Niño only for those
periods when the surface
water around the equator in the eastern and central Pacific
warms for an extended
period of time.
Carozza et al (2011) find that natural global
warming occurred in 2 stages: First, global
warming of 3 ° to 9 ° C accompanied by a large bolus
of organic carbon released to the atmosphere through the burning
of terrestrial biomass (Kurtz et al, 2003) over approximately a 50 - year
period; second, a catastrophic release
of methane hydrate from sediment, followed by the oxidation
of a part
of this methane gas in the
water column and the escape
of the remaining CH4 to the atmosphere over a 50 - year
period.
These episodes occurred toward the end
of a
period of hundreds
of millions
of years during which
warm water interacted with subsurface rocks.
The researchers found that over a 15 - day
period, the
water temperatures were most extreme when the low tide
period drifted to align with maximum sun heat during noon, and these conditions caused the
warming of the shallow
water on the reefs.
The second is a short - term
period of warmer surface
waters in the Pacific Ocean (called an El Niño).
My
periods are usually 3 to 4 days i would say but recently i have been detoxing with lemon and parsley in
warm water every morning (good for kidneys etc) and i also had a fat freezing treatment (a non invasive way
of freezing and killing fat cells and then they are slowly flushed away by body)-- and this month i had a very intense
period lasting for 2 days but it was so heavy, it felt like everything came out in those two days.
I drink 1/4
of a small lemon in
warm water 2 - 3 times after my
period.
Change the diet over a
period of weeks or longer if needed, and add
warm water to new items to help entice a bird to try it.
Short walks, swimming in
warm water for short time
periods, and,
of course, general play with soft toys are great exercises for little pups.
The gestation
period is about 13.5 months and the calf is born head first (unusual for cetaceans) and near the surface
of the
warm, shallow
waters.
Remember that relaxing your body is very important when snorkeling, in order to be able to fully enjoy the diverse aquatic scenery
of the tranquil and
warm waters in Costa Rica for an extended
period of time.
We usually see these tropical whales in mid-summer or during an extreme
period of warming in our local
waters.
Some models actually show a slight cooling
of the southern oceans for a while, and all show it not keeping up with the rate at which the
waters to the north
warm — for a somewhat longer
period of time.
You just can not use the simplistic argument that
warmer air means more precipiation because
of more
water vapor to explain a very cold, very wet
period.
And in turn this
warm surface
water is left in greater control
of the shorter time - scale climate which we have been able to observe during the instrumental
period.
I have to raise an objection to the phrase «the only region
of the world that has defied global
warming» — that might be neglecting a certain area in the Pacific where England 2014 has identified a very obvious point where the «Pacific conveyor» was bringing in the last decade up a lot
of cold
water from the deep ocean and has possibly played a major role in the specific trends for that
period.
As Arctic sea ice species wane, southern taxa are re-colonizing
waters their ancestors knew in past
warm periods, and as parts
of Bangladesh submerge Greenlanders find new opportunities.
If C02 is the largest single contributing factor to the Greenhouse Effect (because supposedly
water vapor is only involved as a feedback to primary chemistry involving C02 itself), and C02 lags temperature increases (as has been stated on this very blog), how has the Earth ever returned to colder glacial conditions following
periods of warming?
Re # 33 (Dave D.): Ice core measurement issues aside, remember that there has to be some degree
of lag because a) the initial
warming is from Milankovitch changes, not CO2, and 2) the delayed turnover
of ocean
water means that not all the CO2 will outgas in a short
period of time.
«At the end
of the last ice age around 11,000 years ago, the ice sheet went through a
period of rapid, sustained ice loss when changes in global weather patterns and rising sea levels pushed
warm water closer to the ice sheet — just as is happening today,» NASA said.
Carozza et al (2011) find that natural global
warming occurred in 2 stages: First, global
warming of 3 ° to 9 ° C accompanied by a large bolus
of organic carbon released to the atmosphere through the burning
of terrestrial biomass (Kurtz et al, 2003) over approximately a 50 - year
period; second, a catastrophic release
of methane hydrate from sediment, followed by the oxidation
of a part
of this methane gas in the
water column and the escape
of the remaining CH4 to the atmosphere over a 50 - year
period.
This retreat immediately followed a
period of maximum Holocene warmth that is recorded in some ice cores and occurred at the same time as an influx
of warmer ocean
water onto the Antarctic Peninsula shelf.
Glaciers modify streamflow releasing the most runoff during the
warmest, driest
periods when all other sources
of water are at a minimum (Stenborg, 1970; Fountain and Tangborn, 1985).
Desler, Alexander, and Timlin (1996) said: «A prominent decade - long perturbation in climate occurred during the time
period [1970 — 1991] in which surface
waters cooled by 1 °C in the central and western North Pacific and
warmed by about the same amount along the west coast
of North America from late 1976 to 1988.»
In addition to running climate models, the researchers compared modern
warming to similar temperature increases that happened approximately 120,000 years ago in a
period known as the Eemian, when global sea level was 5 to 9 meters (between 16 and 30 feet) higher than it is today due to the release
of glacial
water.
«We can see that the red layers
of the ocean floor is formed during the Ice Age's
warm periods, and that proves that every time the temperature rose,
water from the melting ice was poured into the ocean», says Rasmussen.
During high solar output
of the Medieval
Warm Period, tropical
waters in both the Atlantic13 and Pacific14 increased by as much as 1 °C
warmer than today.
Carved by earlier advances
of ice during colder
periods, the troughs enable
warm, salty
water to reach the undersides
of glaciers, fueling their increasingly rapid retreat.
And this unprecedented
warming of ocean
waters occurred during a 30 - year
period when human CO2 emissions were some 85 % less than the modern era (166 billion tonnes
of CO2 emissions versus 784 billion tonnes for the most recent 30 - year span).
The AMO governs how the temperature
of the
waters in the North Atlantic cycles between
warmer and cooler, with each
period typically lasting a decade or more.
So, it is not surprising that those modellers who «need» to get
warm surface
waters to move into the depths
of the oceans, and remain sequestered there for long
periods of time, would turn to the physical mechanism
of this vertical circulation system.
However, since this cycle takes hundreds
of years, it could be that the current slow and small change in pH in the near surface
waters since 1700 is due to the Medieval
Warm Period rather than human co2 emissions.
If
water vapour feedback was positive then due to the increased evaporation spurred on by the original
warming in the MWP there should have ensued a
period of elevated temperatures for thousands
of years until the cooling
of the Holocene as we dip into the next glacial
period overwhelmed the positive
water vapour forcing.
In
warm periods such as the present — freshwater inflow to high northern latitudes reduces the rate
of water sinking to the depths
of the ocean.
Meanwhile, fewer than a dozen small ice shelves floating on «
warm»
waters (seawater only a few degrees above the freezing point) produced half
of the total melt
water during the same
period.
Once a temperature threshold is breached, abrupt events follow due to amplifying feedbacks, even within a few years, examples being (1) freeze events which followed temperature peaks during past interglacial peaks due to influx
of cold ice - melt
water into the north Atlantic Ocean; (2) the Dansgaard — Oeschger
warming events during the last glacial
period; (3) the Younger dryas stadial freeze and the Laurentian stadial freeze.
In addition, although the post 60s
warming period is over, it has allowed the principal green house gas,
water vapour, to kick in with humidity, clouds, rain and snow depending on where you live to provide the negative feedback that scientists use to explain the existence
of complex life on Earth for 550 million years.
They find that, with an enlarged data set that has corrections for bias between drifting buoy data and data taken from ship intakes, as well as extended corrections for
water cooling in buckets in the time between being drawn from the sea and being measured, there is a statistically significant
warming trend
of 0.086 °C per decade over the 1998 - 2012
period.
I calculate Delta GT carbon = 6.5 * Delta T + 0.48 * emitted carbon, which I make to convert to 2.8 ppmv per degree C. That's much less than your figure, but given the timescales one would expect much more outgassing over a longer
period because a greater quantity
of water will
warm.