Not exact matches
That set off a four - way race for mayor
of a city that has seen a booming downtown but also
persistent problems with crime and
poverty in other neighborhoods.
While our education system alone can not solve the stubborn, tragic
problem of persistent poverty and the growing gaps between working - class and college - educated Americans, there's much it can do for the children entrusted to it.
A growing body
of empirical evidence indicates that significant adversity during childhood (e.g., from abuse or neglect, exposure to violence, deep and
persistent poverty, and / or the cumulative burdens
of racial or ethnic discrimination) can contribute to lifelong
problems in learning, behavior, and chronic health impairments such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes cancer, and depression, among many others.
Roberta Smith stated in a 1993 review
of the Whitney Biennial: «With its
persistent references to race, class, gender, sexuality, the AIDS crisis, imperialism and
poverty, the work on view touches on many
of the most pressing
problems facing the country at the dawn
of the Clinton Administration and tries to show how artists are grappling with them.»
2)
Persistent poverty and lack
of capacity to deal with either too much or too little water (or related health
problems) already make the region extraordinarily vulnerable to devastating losses from drought or flooding.
U.S. Secretary
of State Hillary Clinton touched on some
of the subjects Tillerson mentioned when she said at the Rio meeting, «Governments alone can not solve all the
problems we face, from climate change to
persistent poverty to chronic energy shortages.»
Circumstances associated with family stress, such as
persistent poverty, may elevate the risk
of serious mental health
problems.
Parental mental illness Relatively little has been written about the effect
of serious and
persistent parental mental illness on child abuse, although many studies show that substantial proportions
of mentally ill mothers are living away from their children.14 Much
of the discussion about the effect
of maternal mental illness on child abuse focuses on the
poverty and homeless - ness
of mothers who are mentally ill, as well as on the behavior
problems of their children — all issues that are correlated with involvement with child welfare services.15 Jennifer Culhane and her colleagues followed a five - year birth cohort among women who had ever been homeless and found an elevated rate
of involvement with child welfare services and a nearly seven - times - higher rate
of having children placed into foster care.16 More direct evidence on the relationship between maternal mental illness and child abuse in the general population, however, is strikingly scarce, especially given the 23 percent rate
of self - reported major depression in the previous twelve months among mothers involved with child welfare services, as shown in NSCAW.17
The intervention sought to reduce specific empirically identified risk factors for adolescent health and behavior
problems:
persistent physically aggressive behavior in the early elementary school grades,9 - 11 academic failure, 12 and poor family management practices including unclear rules, poor monitoring
of behavior, and inconsistent or harsh discipline.13, 14 Because being raised in
poverty increases risk for crime, school failure, and school dropout,15 - 17 effects
of the intervention on children from low - income families were
of particular interest.
Families in which the mother developed a
persistent limiting health
problem were more likely to subsequently have a high level
of home chaos, live in income
poverty, experience poor maternal mental health and high conflict in the parent - child relationship.
The timing
of the onset
of the
persistent health
problem was associated with home chaos,
poverty, mental health and parent - child conflict (models not shown).