Women who had moderate to severe stress incontinence during or before pregnancy are also more prone to
persistent urinary incontinence after delivery, sometimes lasting up to several years.
• increases the risk of cardiac hemangiosarcoma by a factor of 1.6 • triples the risk of hypothyroidism • increases the risk of progressive geriatric cognitive impairment • triples the risk of obesity, a common health problem in dogs with many associated health problems • quadruples the small risk (< 0.6 %) of prostate cancer • doubles the small risk (5; this is a common cancer and major cause of death in some breeds • triples the risk of hypothyroidism • increases the risk of obesity by a factor of 1.6 - 2, a common health problem in dogs with many associated health problems • causes
urinary «spay
incontinence» in 4 - 20 % of female dogs • increases the risk of
persistent or recurring
urinary tract infections by a factor of 3 - 4 • increases the risk of recessed vulva, vaginal dermatitis, and vaginitis, especially for female dogs spayed before puberty • doubles the small risk (< 1 %) of
urinary tract tumors • increases the risk of orthopedic disorders • increases the risk of adverse reactions to vaccinations One thing is clear — much of the spay / neuter information that is available to the public is unbalanced and contains claims that are exaggerated or unsupported by evidence.
Various medical problems, including
urinary tract infections,
urinary incontinence, priapism (
persistent, often painful erections) and skin allergies, can influence a dog's mounting behavior.