Therefore, to implement testing, the employer must show that it is a safety sensitive workplace; there is evidence of
a pervasive substance abuse problem which can be tied to the safety of the workplace; other less intrusive measures to deter substance abuse have failed, and testing must assess current impairment.
Thus the younger the child the more likely the child is to suffer residual and
pervasive problems following traumatic experiences such as witnessing family violence or being
abused or neglected.21 Exposure to such experiences can alter a developing child's brain in ways that can result in a range of inter-related psychological, emotional and social
problems including: depression and anxiety; post traumatic stress disorder;
problems with emotional regulation;
substance misuse; relationship difficulties; and physical
problems including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke.22