Sentences with word «petagrams»

Since 1900, human burning of fossil fuels emitted an average of 3 petagrams per year — even closer to the rate 55.5 million years ago.

One petagram equals one trillion kilograms or 2.2 trillion pounds.

That is «within an order of magnitude of, and may have approached, the 9.5 petagrams [20.9 trillion pounds] per year associated with modern anthropogenic carbon emissions,» the researchers wrote.

The net land carbon sink for northern Eurasia amounts to approximately 0.48 petagram of carbon per year, about 6.5 percent of global carbon emissions, according to Rawlins.

In the modern world we are adding 25 petagram per year — 15x faster rate than in the PETM, check the 2nd image (and source)

The global oceans trap about a quarter (2.3 petagrams).

Carbon emissions have grown rapidly in the past decades, and humans emit about 10 petagrams of carbon per year.

In the high emission scenario, or essentially no change in current trends of fossil fuel use, permafrost losses were between 6 million and 16 million square kilometers, while soil carbon losses varied from 74 to 652 petagrams and occur mostly after 2100.

In that scenario, the study showed the loss 3 million to 5 million square kilometers of permafrost and changes in soil carbon ranging from a 66 - petagram loss to a 70 - petagram gain.

During the El Niño of 1997 to 1998, they say, tropical forests pumped out a whopping 6.7 petagrams of carbon a year, an amount equal to CO2 from industrial sources.

Although about 2 petagrams go into the oceans, another 1.1 to 2.2 petagrams — the missing sink — appears to vanish into the land, likely taken up by plants during photosynthesis.

Some experts find the sink's estimated magnitude — 1.7 petagrams of carbon per year, plus or minus 0.5 petagrams — hard to swallow.

Bowen and colleagues report that carbonate or limestone nodules in Wyoming sediment cores show the global warming episode 55.5 million to 55.3 million years ago involved the average annual release of a minimum of 0.9 petagrams (1.98 trillion pounds) of carbon to the atmosphere, and probably much more over shorter periods.

North America may sop up a whopping 1.7 petagrams of carbon a year — enough to suck up all the carbon discharged annually by fossil fuel burning in Canada and the United States, according to a report in tomorrow's Science.

The study takes a look at the so - called «missing sink» problem, which boils down to a simple math problem: Less than half of the 7.1 petagrams of carbon produced by human activity each year stays in the atmosphere.

Also known as a gigaton, a petagram is equal to one quadrillion (1015) grams.

Their results predict a mean global carbon export flux of 6 petagrams (Pg) per year.

Over the next century, reforesting U.S. topsoils will sequester a cumulative 1.3 to 2.1 billion metric tons (1.3 - 2.1 petagrams) of carbon, accounting for nearly half of the soil - carbon gains occurring on U.S. forestland, said Nave, an assistant research scientist at the U-M Biological Station and in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

PgC, or petagrams carbon are equal to 1 gigatonne (1 billon metric tonnes) of carbon.

But during a severe drought in 2005 it went into reverse, releasing 1 petagram of carbon (1 billion tons — about one - tenth of annual human emissions) to the atmosphere.

And even if tropical deforestation had ended altogether in 2010, there would still be 8.6 petagrams (10 to the 12th kilograms) of emissions released into the atmosphere as trees decomposed, the equivalent of five to 10 years of global deforestation.

We show that even if deforestation had completely halted in 2010, time lags ensured there would still be a carbon emissions debt of at least 8.6 petagrams, equivalent to 5 — 10 years of global deforestation, and an extinction debt of more than 140 bird, mammal, and amphibian forest - specific species, which if paid, would increase the number of 20th - century extinctions in these groups by 120 %.

With the aid of global Earth observations and data - driven models, the researchers show that on average, extreme events prevent the uptake of around 3 petagrams carbon per year by the vegetation.

Interesting that in the PETM 1.7 petagram of carbon per year was being added to the atmosphere thus pushing temps up over 20,000 years.

It found that 62 petagrams of soil carbon will be released into the atmosphere by 2100, or about 68 billion U.S. tons.

At stake is an estimated 2,167 petagrams of carbon in all layers of high - latitude soil, which is more than two trillion U.S. tons.

The simulations revealed a climate - induced loss of between 25 and 85 petagrams of carbon, depending on the processes included.

Simulations using the model showed that by the year 2300, if climate change continues unchecked, the net loss of carbon to the atmosphere from Arctic permafrost would range from between 21 petagrams and 164 petagrams.

A petagram is one of those gigantic orders of mass at 1012 kilograms.

After all, the simulations found that between 21 petagrams and 164 petagrams of carbon will be released to the atmosphere, which is a big range.

The soil stores X4 the carbon of plants with the soil microflora releasing 60 petagrams of carbon to the atmosphere every year.

Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer - based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 ± 19 petagrams of carbon.

The oceanic sink accounts for ~ 48 % of the total fossil - fuel and cement - manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 ± 28 petagrams of carbon for this period.

«Scaling (our) measurements to the entire Amazon basin with rainfall data, we estimate that drought suppressed Amazon - wide photosynthesis in 2010 by 0.38 petagrams of carbon (equivalent to 380 million tonnes carbon, or 1.4 billion tonnes of CO2).»

The release of the roughly 200 petagrams (or 200 trillion kilograms) of carbon stored in the top meter of Arctic tundra would greatly undermine any global climate change mitigation effort, Bunn warns.

Mangrove deforestation generates greenhouse gas emissions of 0.02 — 0.12 petagrams of carbon per year, which is equivalent to up to 10 percent of carbon emissions from global deforestation, according to the research team's findings.

Even for 2C, there is no carbon budget left if one wants a low risk (less than 10 %) of exceeding 2C...... As the graph shows, based on a chart from Mike Raupach at the ANU, at a 66 % probability of not exceeding 2C, the carbon emissions budget remaining is around 250 petagrams (PtG or billion tonnes) of CO2.