To test the viability of these sequences, the investigators selected one of the 181 bacterial genomes, and found that they were able to induce one of several
phage sequences within that genome to reproduce.
The investigators found a total of 457 mostly novel
phage sequences in the urinary microbiome.
Not exact matches
«We can
sequence a
phage quickly and say, this is the exact DNA
sequence we want,» says Paul Grint, CEO of AmpliPhi Biosciences, a startup that is concocting combinations of
phages in advance to treat bacterial infections like Staphylococcus aureus.
Students in the program learn to isolate and characterize bacteriophages, annotate the
phage genomes, and then submit the
sequences to a national database.
John suggested to Fred that he use the
phage as the training wheels for learning how to
sequence DNA.
CRISPR - Cas normally uses its recorded
sequences to detect and cut the DNA of incoming
phages.
With no candidate targets, the team took an objective approach by applying a peptide
phage library to MDSCs, which permitted mass screening for candidate peptides — short
sequences of amino acids — that bind to the surface of the MDSCs.
Peptide
phage gathered from the MDSCs were expanded, enriched and then
sequenced to identify predominant peptides.
Ganz said that she hoped the publication of the
phage's
sequence information would enable other researchers to investigate further and potentially develop applications for the
phage and its proteins.
Deep
sequencing of the VHH
phage libraries generated from a set of llamas, which received two different immunization protocols, showed that the new VHH and the previously described anti-HIV VHH J3 [26] were induced by immunization (Table 1).
For example, when the researchers decoded the complete
sequence of one extrachromosomal circular
phage from a disease - causing Staphylococcus, they identified a number of genes that may help this strain evade a host's immune system and that could readily spread to other Staphylococcus bacteria.
These CRISPR
sequences act as a form of genomic memory that can be accessed to defend the cell when it is invaded by plasmids or
phages that contain the recorded
sequences.
The loxP
sequence does not occur naturally in any known genome other than P1
phage, and is long enough that there is virtually no chance of it occurring randomly.
These
phage libraries have tremendous diversity, so you can use them to find very unique antibody protein
sequences that target specific molecules within disease pathways,» says Coyle.