Phenology refers to the study of recurring events in nature and how they are linked to seasons. It involves observing and understanding patterns in the timing of activities like blooming of flowers, migration of birds, or leaf color changes in trees. It helps scientists and environmentalists learn about the impacts of climate change and how organisms respond to it. In simple terms,
phenology is about studying and tracking nature's seasonal events.
Full definition
«There was a larger change in spring
phenology in short - distance migrants than in long - distance migrants.
Cleland, E. E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H. A. & Schwartz, M. D. Shifting
plant phenology in response to global change.
They collected data on leaf - change dates for several tree species, both in Alaska using the USA National
Phenology Network, a free online database of seasonal - change observations recorded by scientists and the public, and in Massachusetts using data and observations from Harvard Forest, a 3,500 - acre research property managed by Harvard University.
This should be cited as Abernethy, R., Garforth, J., Hemming, D., Kendon, M., McCarthy, M. and Sparks, T. (2017): State of the UK Climate 2016
Phenology supplement, Met Office, Exeter, UK.
Each detection system records information
about phenology and species presence.
«
As phenology is advancing around the globe, there are concerns that plant - pollinator interactions may be disrupted through phenological mismatches, or mismatches in the timing of when flowers bloom and their pollinators emerge, leading to reduced plant reproduction,» says lead author Zak Gezon, who conducted the research as a doctoral student at Dartmouth and who is now a conservation biologist with Disney's Animal Programs.
A University of Oklahoma study demonstrates for the first time that remote sensing data from weather surveillance radar and on - the - ground data from the eBird citizen science database both yield robust indices of migration timing, also known as
migration phenology.
2) Effects of climate change
on phenology and carbon cycles in forests.
We use near - surface cameras and field - based spectroradiometers and fluorescence spectroscopy and link ground - based measures of
phenology with imagery data obtained from satellites.
The research team's paper, «Cerambycid beetle species with similar pheromones are segregated
by phenology and minor pheromone components,» is featured on the cover of the May issue of the Journal of Chemical Ecology.
«Broadleaf trees show reduced sensitivity to global warming: The response of leaf
unfolding phenology to climate warming has significantly reduced.»
This figure was inspired by Fig. 1a of Jensen et al. 2013: «Spatial analysis of
ice phenology trends across the Laurentian Great Lakes region during a recent warming period.»
These data are nominally collated by the Global Lake and River Ice
Phenology Database, but it isn't that up - to - date, though it does include a lot of long records from Europe.
We might be tempted to simply include
dynamic phenology in a climate model for all applications (again, assuming we can realistically simulate leaf variations).
These models can then be mapped against climate forecasts to predict
how phenology could shift in the future, painting a picture of landscapes in a world of warmer temperatures, altered precipitation and humidity, and changes in cloud cover.
Using an ensemble of eight models calibrated only
for phenology or five models calibrated in detail resulted in the uncertainty equivalent to that of the measured yield in well - controlled agronomic field experiments.
Climate change is causing many species to shift their geographical ranges, distributions, and
phenologies at faster rates than previously thought.
Trends in breeding
phenology across ten decades show varying adjustments to environmental changes in four wader species
We present an integrated modeling study designed to investigate changes in ecosystem level
phenology over Europe associated with changes in climate pattern, by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
Results of the study also are relevant when considering
nesting phenology in the wild because conditions such as temperature and rainfall often vary depending across the nesting season.
«Novel data sources from the weather surveillance radar network and the eBird citizen science database enable development of a migration
phenology index that can be used to answer this question in future studies.»
Plant
phenology informs about the periodic life cycles of plants such as flowering or the timing of leaf - out.
Because phenology is dependent on environmental cues, including temperature, how it is affected by climate change is unclear.
«Robert Marsham (1708 - 1797) of Stratton Strawless, Norfolk, is considered to be the founding father of the science of
phenology through his painstaking studying over 60 years published as Indications of Spring.
Climate conditions in Kansas have already been noted to have changed in noticeable ways, and many such conditions are known to favorably affect
tick phenology and spatial distribution.»
«We want to
use phenology as a biological indicator of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems,» Richardson says.
In addition to replacing the original
maize phenology model in CLM with that from the APSIM model, the researchers have made several other innovative improvements in the new model.
«Furnas and McGrann provide a textbook example of how to detect differences in the timing of nesting among bird species using information on the peak date of singing derived from surveys and automated recorders,» according to UC Berkeley's Steve Beissinger, an expert on
avian phenology who was not involved in the study.
Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Communities Over a Vegetation Season Relate to Both Soil Nutrient Status and Plant
Growth Phenology — Davide Francioli — Microbial Ecology
In contrast to a number of phenological studies showing nonlinear relationships
between phenology and temperature, due largely to unmet chilling and photoperiod requirements, our findings demonstrate the relationship to be linear and to explain most of the variation in flowering.
Tree phenology responses to winter chilling, spring warming, at north and south range limits.
Currently he is developing an inventory and monitoring program for native bees, online identification guides for North American bees, and with Jessica Zelt, reviving the North American
Bird Phenology Program.
I think these guys do a good job articulating why that may be — as they say, a phenomenon
whose phenology is controlled by photo - period ought to exhibit greater stability than other physiological processes.
Seasonal
phenology refers to the timing of breeding, migration, leafing out, flowering etc..
Change in
snow phenology and its potential feedback to temperature in the Northern Hemisphere over the last three decades.
Early flowering, early fruiting: Anecdotal evidence of climate change is popping up as quickly as spring crocuses, but is it coincidence or confirmation of shifts in plant
phenology caused by global warming?