Sentences with phrase «phenotype changes»

«Our data suggest that early - stage HER2 - positive breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant combination docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab demonstrate tumor immune microenvironment phenotype changes,» the authors concluded.

As a result, the cell's phenotype changes.

An example is changing a gene's expression and asking if a phenotype changes.

Not exact matches

In other words, relative to the taxonomy and diversity of bacteria, this series of mutations shifted Lenski's E. coli outside of the standard identifiable E. coli phenotype and is analogous to a change in «kind.»

Especially since there is no timeline that can be used to predict the rate of change, especially in the phenotype.

In addition to helping farmers check crop health, the new system will be helpful for studying how plants respond to changes in growing conditions and for high - throughput phenotyping, an automated method used in crop research and development to analyze how genetic modifications affect plant characteristics such as leaf size or drought resistance in a large number of plants.

Iterating these unpredictable changes over hundreds or thousands of generations will inevitably lead to evolutionary changes in addition to any that come about by the preferential survival of certain phenotypes.

Many species have altered range limits and phenotypes through 20th - century climate change, but responses are highly variable.

Then, they learned how to synthesize the molecule and found that maresins caused macrophages to change their «type» so they no longer caused inflammation (switching them from M1 to M2 phenotypes).

The tool will enable better phenotyping of cell shapes and also understanding of how cell shapes change in relation to others, and over time.

Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.

Domain recombination also led to changes in mating phenotype, including recombinants with increased mating efficiency over the wild type.

With this understanding, we'll be better able to predict how variations in a protein might lead to changes in phenotype, which — when we're talking about variations associated with dysfunction and disease — will be crucial for figuring out how drug treatments might differ among individuals.

But by hierarchical clustering of observed alterations in endocytosis, the researchers identified two distinct cancer phenotype clusters, one marked by mutations in the oncogene KRAS in mesenchymal cells and the other by changes in epithelial cells.

Those data were then combined with information about functional changes in cell behavior to develop a nanomechanical profile, or phenotype, for specific cellular states.

Neither the selective pressure nor the evolutionary response could have been identified with the methods used by the majority of studies that examine how wild populations respond to environmental changes, which predominantly concentrate on changes in the phenotype.

Functional changes of the retina were found in three mouse models of human CNS diseases whose phenotype, age of onset and pathological mechanism clearly differ from each other.

Rho - kinase inhibitor Y - 27632 and hypoxia synergistically enhance chondrocytic phenotype and change the S100 protein profile in human chondrosarcoma cells

Environmental factors interact with the different subgenomes to modify the transcription of their component genes and to modulate the translation of protein products and their posttranslational modification, yielding changes in protein and cellular function and metabolism, and defining an intermediate phenotype.

This is not a very conceptually satisfying situation and does little to advance our understanding of the mechanism (s) underlying the changes in gene expression in response to the perturbation or its implications for clinical phenotype.

Aneuploidy is responsible for the observed phenotypic changes, as chromosome loss restoring euploidy results in a wild - type phenotype.

The interaction between the human host and microbes reflects a unique exposure that not only can lead directly to disease expression, but also can lead to changes in human host phenotype that is not directly pathogenic.

To determine the significance of these changes, phenotype labels were randomized, genes were reordered and the ES values were recomputed.

In order to dissect these defects, we utilize a unique approach including deep assessment of patient phenotype, clinical genetic testing to identify underlying genetic contributions to these features, and the application of combinatorial functional omics (transcriptome, metabolome, etc.) to uncover the pathological cellular states that result from these genetic changes.

Cells of the immune system respond to a changing environment by adjusting their phenotype and immune functions.

A crucial step in linking sequence variants with changes in phenotype is variant annotation.

The finding that bsl1 - 1 and bsl1 - 2 fail to complement and have SNP variation affecting dramatic changes in the coding capacities of the same gene demonstrate that loss of Sevir.7 G140700 function is responsible for the bsl1 mutant phenotypes.

We hypothesize that upon retinal neuronal damage MG or RPE cells undergo defined and controlled changes in cellular and molecular phenotype towards a cell with progenitor properties — this process that we are studying we call regenerative reprogramming.

Hence when comparing data between the groups, it will be impossible to determine if differences in phenotype were due to changes in any one nutrient.

Health improvement (allowing to post - pone / escape the diseases and thus live, healthier / disease - free longer, but not above human MLSP of around 122 years; thus these therapies do not affect epigenetic aging whatsoever, they are degenerative aging problems not regular healthy aging problem (except OncoSENS - only when you Already Have Cancer - which cancer increases epigenetic aging, but cancer removal thus does not change anything / makes no difference about what happens in the other cells / about what happens in the normal epigenetic «aging» course in Normal non-cancerous healthy cells) Although there is not such thing as «healthy aging» all aging in «unhealthy» (as seen from elders who are «healthy enough» who show much damage), it's just «tolerable / liveable» enough (in terms of damage accumulating) that it does not affect their quality of life (enough yet), that is «healthy aging»: ApoptoSENS - Clearing Senescent Cells (this will have great impact to reduce diseases, the largest one, since it's all inflammation fueled by the inflammation secretory phenotype (SASP) of these senescent cells) AmyloSENS - Dissolving the Plaques (this will allow humans to evade Alzheimer's, Parkinsons and general brain degenerescence, allowing quite a boost; making people much more easily reach the big 100 - since the brain is causal to how long we live; keeping brain amyloid - free and keeping our memories / neuron sharp / means longer LongTerm Potentiation - means longer brain function means longer heavy brain mass (gray matter / white matter retention seen in «sharp - witted» Centenarians who show are younger brain for their age), and both are correlated to MLSP).

Subsequent validation experiments in model organisms will test if and how the elements pinpointed by the computational approaches are involved in changing molecular and morphological phenotypes.

This phenotypic diversity is often the result of changes or loss of ancestral phenotypes or gain of novel phenotypes during evolution.

In both cases, a combination of population genomics, genome mapping, and functional analyses identified recurrent and idiosyncratic genetic changes underlying the evolution of convergent phenotypes.

The application of transgenesis and other genetic methods - in conjunction with total genome sequence and database information on gene expression patterns, morphological changes during development, and mutant phenotypes - should significantly enhance our ability to unravel the multilayered networks that control gene expression and differentiation.

Melanocytes respond by altering gene transcription, and these changes in gene expression profiles result in easily quantifiable phenotypes such as modified pigment production (a hallmark of melanocyte differentiation state) and changes in morphological cell properties.

«This provides the first plausible molecular mechanism for a cell to respond to its environment with a heritable change in phenotype,» offers Lindquist.

Scientists first coined the term «epigenetic» (which literally means «above the genome») in the 1940s as a way of classifying changes that occurred between genome and phenotype.

Intestinal inflammation: The terminal ileum of the TNFΔARE mice shows profound inflammatory changes consistent with Crohn's disease - like phenotype.

Following the completion of the Human Genome Project, the Human Epigenome Project is currently striving to map the scope of changes that can occur between genome and phenotype.

- How to manage a breeding facility: usual procedures (cage changing, sexing mice, identification and genotyping samples), washing area, Animal welfare structure (new with the EU directive implementation), vet care (i.e. mice spontaneous pathology and mice phenotypes).

Susan A. Foster 2013 (6)([email protected]) Keywords: anthropogenic environmental change, behavioural phenotype, contemporary evolution, evolutionary mismatch, geographic variation, phenotypic plasticity

Phenotypes that result from changes (i.e., variants) in a single gene (i.e., monogenic) and that can be transmitted from parents to offspring in Mendelian patterns, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, are known as Mendelian pPhenotypes that result from changes (i.e., variants) in a single gene (i.e., monogenic) and that can be transmitted from parents to offspring in Mendelian patterns, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, are known as Mendelian phenotypesphenotypes.

Restricted changes in the adenovirus DNA - binding protein that lead to extended host range or temperature - sensitive phenotypes

Plus, the metastatic phenotype may be brought about by extensive combinations of subtle up and down regulations of proteins that activate or suppress other proteins that are normally there, in which case the more interesting observation would be how the expression of the activator and suppressor proteins change.

The afternoon of the second day focused on somatic changes in melanoma, that is changes that occur in the tumour itself, and this session saw talks from ESR07 Sofia Chen on the mutational landscape of primary melanoma tumours; ESR08 Catarina Salgado on DNA hydroxymethylation (a form of regulation) in melanoma and naevi; and ESR10 Adriana Sanna on epigenetic regulation (reversible changes to the DNA which can turn genes on / off) of melanoma cell phenotypes.

The reversal suggests that smaller changes in multiple genes may have been the primary driver of changes in human phenotypes, and that new models are needed to retrace the genetic steps of evolution.

Furthermore, there is some correlation between the magnitude of the change and the severity of the resultant phenotype.

Tumor hypoxia is often linked to decreased survival in patients with breast cancer and has been shown to induce specific molecular changes in cells including changes that confer a more malignant phenotype such as increased proliferation (3), survival (4), invasion (5), and metastasis (6).

To demonstrate the importance of our staging system for correct phenotype interpretation, we describe stage - specific changes of the palate, heart and gut, and provide examples in which correct diagnosis of malformations relies on correct staging.

I try to link changes in maternal milk to changes in offspring behavior by doing a series of reversal experiments that may or may not rescue the offspring's phenotype, thereby identifying potential causative factors that influence the offspring's life trajectory.