A recent inquiry from a college instructor in search of
philosophical arguments on the morality of abortion inspired us to compile the below list of resources, which, though far from comprehensive, may be of use to pro-lifers.
Not exact matches
Philosophical and political
arguments, by which we might understand the meaning of the term as it is used most commonly today, begin with Burke's Reflections
on the Revolution in France.
But if you are looking for consilience, in which multiple lines of independent evidence converge
on the same target, then Schwartz's
argument is a good one to have in your arsenal, for it fits nicely with biological
arguments for intelligent design (cf. Michael Behe's Darwin's Black Box), recent
philosophical work
on mental causation (cf. Robert Koons» Realism Regained), cosmological fine - tuning (cf. John Barrow and Frank Tipler's The Anthropic Cosmological Principle), and consciousness studies (cf. Dean Radin's The Conscious Universe).
One
argument might focus
on a
philosophical anthropology: the natural ends of the body and the proper function of the sex organs.
At one Evangelicals and Catholics Together meeting, writes Tom, the Catholic co-chairman of ECT, which Chuck helped found twenty years ago, some of the Catholic members questioned the value of natural law
arguments «
on the
philosophical ground that no reason exists that is not already deeply saturated with prior pre-understandings and commitments.»
Although at times Hartshorne has spoken as though his account of experience rested
on some intuition of its essence as exhibited in his own experience, 2 his predominant view and his
philosophical practice advance a concept of experience that is generated by dialectical
argument rather than by appeal to direct introspection or intuition: «The philosopher, as Whitehead says, is the «critic of abstractions.»
The question is presented as part of a larger discussion
on the nature of
philosophical and imperial authority, yet it is clear that the imperial part of the
argument is not necessary to its main thrust, as a result standing out all the more.
The systematic claims of a
philosophical argument must be taken at face value and judged
on the basis of rational examination.
I stated my position
on many of the
philosophical problems to which my teachers had introduced me, for instance the question of internal and external relations; and I gave
arguments for the positions.
The central chapter
on the Second Premise (K 65 - 140) contains: (i) a refutation of the attempted application of Cantor's transfinite mathematics to the domain of extramental reality, (ii) two
philosophical arguments which attempt to show the conceptual absurdity of the notion of an infinite past of finite actualities, and (iii) two
arguments from physics (concerning Big Bang and Thermodynamic theory, respectively) which attempt to show that probably the natural universe had an absolute beginning a finite time ago.
The series, in effect, is an
argument in favor of these stories, albeit
on different grounds — scientific rather than religious or
philosophical — though Bingham appears not to know this.
You say «In
philosophical arguments the onus of proof rests
on he who makes an assertion.»
Elton, William, Discussion: «
On Hartshorne's Formulation of the Ontological
Argument: A Criticism,»
Philosophical Review 54 (Jan., 1945), 63.
On the contrary, he does not see any legitimate
philosophical argument against the Christian view.
The Legacy Project aims not just to «promote» Hildebrandian ideas but above all to encourage a truly
philosophical reception of his work — which is to say, a reception which does not dwell primarily
on items of purely scholarly concern but which weighs von Hildebrand's theses,
arguments, and formulations with the central question of philosophy, «Is it true?»
For critical discussions of Ogden's
argument and the entire book, see Langdon B. Gilkey, «A Theology in Process,» Interpretation, XXI, 4 (October 1967), 447 - 459; Ray L. Hart, «Schubert Ogden
on the Reality of God,» Religion In Life, XXXVI, 4 (Winter 1967), 506 - 515; Antony Flew, «Reflections
on «The Reality of God»,» The Journal of Religion, 48, 2 (April 1968), 150 - 161: and Robert C. Neville, «Neoclassical Metaphysics and Christianity: A Critical Study of Ogden's Reality of God,» International
Philosophical Quarterly, IX, 4 (December 1969), 605 - 624.
Hartshorne offers a closely reasoned
philosophical argument for a doctrine of God based, not
on the classical metaphysical categories of traditional theology, but
on process philosophy that allows some non-absolute aspects of God.
While well - acquainted with the tradition of
philosophical reflection
on the soul and its relationship to the body, Fr Selman's knowledge of recent scientific research relevant to his subject appears less impressive and his terminology, and even some of his ideas and
arguments, can therefore appear outdated or irrelevant.
We are urged to believe various doctrines concerning the incarnation, the atonement, and the resurrection of Christ for which
philosophical evidence or
argument is quite inadequate,
on the grounds that in these religious matters human knowledge can never suffice.
Fortunately, these
philosophical arguments play out in a pretty solid cop drama, executing well
on the high octane car chases, shootouts and action sequences that keep the public coming back to cop movies for decades.
But early
on, Dr. Plantinga defended a variety of
arguments for the existence of God, marking the beginning of his efforts to put theistic belief back
on the
philosophical agenda.
In a lifetime which spans the best part of a century, he has been a prolific writer
on topics ranging from neoclassical theism, the ontological
argument for the existence of God, and
philosophical psychology, to aesthetics, pacifism, and ornithology.
Polkinghorne's discussion of the resurrection focuses, in contrast,
on general
philosophical arguments to the effect that «in order to confirm... the claim that the integrity of personal experience itself, based as it is in the significance and value of individual men and women and the ultimate and total intelligibility of the universe, requires that there be an eternal ground of hope who is the giver and preserver of human individuality and the eternally faithful Carer for creation.»
He feels that there are no compelling
philosophical arguments which would lead one to move
on to, or
on the other hand to reject, the conception of subjective, or as he calls it «personal», immortality for men.
If I am not a Hauerwasian, I am even less a process - relational thinker; hence I am ill - equipped to judge the merits of these proposals
on the basis of their coherence with certain basic tenets of process - relational thought — which seems to be the main basis upon which Muray wishes them to be judged since his paper is otherwise fairly thin
on more general
philosophical or Christian theological
arguments for the views he puts forward.
Criticisms of the use of mass media for religious communication center
on two main
arguments, the first based
on philosophical and theological grounds, and the second based
on the structural implications of the television industry itself.
However, as I showed in Evil Revisited (90 - 94), this
argument relies
on principles drawn from the
philosophical theology of F R. Tennant, whose position
on the God - world relation is essentially the same as Whitehead's.
Hollenbach's
argument, like Hicks's, rests
on empirical and descriptive claims as well as
on theological and
philosophical ones.
In short, the ontological
argument can be made to stand as a touchstone for
philosophical positions; what does the verdict of a given philosophy
on the
argument tell us about the assumptions and the viability of that philosophy itself?
Nevertheless, the tendency to carry
on philosophical discussion as if his ideas and
arguments did not exist has been noteworthy.
Dr Swift argued that, though there is no
philosophical justification for valuing those closest to us more highly than others, in the case of the family there is an
argument for a limited partiality
on the basis of the goods that can only be provided by the familial environment.
The sort of problem Sontag has with Jameson is, of course, the very
argument Bordwell has with anyone from Slavoj Žižek to Jacques Lacan, evident in a comment he makes
on his blog (but not in the book) that echoes directly Sontag's: «Most of FRT [Zizek's The Fright of Real Tears] offers standard film criticism, providing impressionistic readings of various [Krzysztof] Kieslowski films in regard to recurring themes, visual motifs, dramatic structures, borrowed
philosophical concepts, and the like.»
The script tends to build its narrative
on philosophical and religious
arguments, but they're often riveting and articulate, especially in courtroom scenes that take the film beyond the expected limitations of action scenes.
Topics Include: - Christian Beliefs about God - Miracles - The Trinity - Effect of belief in God
on community -
Philosophical Arguments for / against - Comparisons to Buddhism - Design vs Evolution - Nature of Christian Worship - How to answer exam questions
Along the way, we are treated to Isabel's
philosophical musings
on many diverse subjects: being polite, or saying what you really feel; landscape painters taking artistic licence; the purpose of art; adoption; head lice; which bodily afflictions are too personal to talk about; sarcasm; swearing; wind turbines; jumping to conclusions; religion; children's literature; dogs dreaming; metaphors; how to end
arguments and knowing who you are.
... In learning philosophy you have to learn to argue for or against
philosophical opinions and to understand and assess
philosophical visions and you have to become familiar with some of the
arguments and outlooks that have been advanced
on certain topics in the past.
Also, My Thesis Writing Service thinks that in order to do better
on a philosophy thesis you should make strong and logical
arguments, couple them with demonstrated knowledge, reference and discuss the
philosophical concepts as well as thoroughly proofread the finished work after you are done writing it and you will do great.
Coming upon an impromptu gathering at Marian Goodman Gallery — students, from the looks of them — I was surprised when they abruptly confronted me and started going
on about some or other
philosophical argument.
At the same time, he will present a chapter of his recent project «Introductory Logic Tutorial Video» (2010), specially adapted to London's context; each chapter is a double canvas mimicking a television screen, and depicting «a still from a non-existent video tutorial which taught basic propositional
philosophical logic, and focused
on certain defined «structures of
argument»».
Kafre's solo exhibition Things, Mereology and Schemes is a new body of work focused
on three main topics of particular interest to the artist: (1) Things — the distinction between the natural things, non-natural things and the artifacts that occur between them; (2) Mereology — the
philosophical and mathematical study of parts and the wholes they form, and (3) Schemes — a scheme consists of a table's structure, which physical constitution is mainly due to columns, names and variables and the relation between them; used to map out something, or to design the internal of a logical system; the main points of an
argument or theory, etcetera.
As the interpretation of infinity in economic climate models is essentially a debate about how to deal with the threat of extinction, Mr Weitzman's
argument depends heavily
on a judgement about the value of life... A lack of reliable data exacerbates the profound methodological and
philosophical difficulties faced by climate change economists... The United Nations conference in Paris this December offers a chance to take appropriate steps to protect future generations from this risk... http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2015/07/climate-change (MOST COMMENTING ARE NOT AT ALL IMPRESSED)
The extent that we care about the next generation is a serious
philosophical argument — one which many people have to deal with
on a smaller scale when they think about, for example, what they should do with their inheritance (which, incidentally, is a different
argument to what you think about the next group in general, as kinship relationships get treated differently).
Losey rejects those
arguments on philosophical grounds.