By the beginning of the 19th century, however, natural
philosophy had given
way to the natural sciences and a new understanding of
critical reason emerged, one that did not so easily support the faith and piety that undergirded studies
in divinity.
A key aspect of this outward - facing
philosophy is the
way in which the schools cite the value of external
critical friends who are invited from time to time to see the school with a fresh pair of eyes.