Researchers developed a quasi-experimental research design to evaluate the impact of a dance - integrated reading program on first - grade students» beginning reading skills, such as code knowledge (alphabet sounds) and
phoneme segmentation (separating letter sounds from spoken words).
Research indicates that kindergarten screening measures are most successful when they include assessment of the following areas: phonological awareness including
phoneme segmentation, blending, onset and rime; rapid automatic naming including letter naming fluency; letter sound association; and phonological memory, including non-word repetition (Catts, et al. 2015; Jenkins & Johnson, 2008).
phoneme awareness, specifically
phoneme segmentation, blending, and manipulation tasks; letter naming fluency; letter sound association; phonological memory, including nonword repetition; oral vocabulary; and word recognition fluency (i.e., accuracy and rate)(Compton, et al., 2010; Jenkins & Johnson, 2008).
Younger children may just be saying the word slowly with
no phoneme segmentation; others may be dividing the word by syllables and ultimately they will segment by phonemes.
This literacy app provides wonderful explicit practice with
phoneme segmentation and phoneme blending, the two most important phonemic awareness skills.
Not exact matches
This knowledge enables children to identify and manipulate the sound structure of language, in particular, through the
segmentation of words into syllables (units of a word that can be spoken without interruption) and
phonemes (the smallest unit of speech sound) and by blending these together to form words.
Adams reviews various phonemic awareness tasks, arranging them from «most primitive» to most sophisticated as follows: knowledge of nursery rhymes, oddity tasks, blending and syllable - splitting, phonemic
segmentation, and
phoneme manipulation.
Of phonemic
segmentation, she writes: «These tasks require not only that the child have a thorough understanding that words can be completely analyzed into a series of
phonemes, but further that she or he be able to so analyze them, completely and on demand» (Adams, p. 80).
Although Adams doesn't talk explicitly about developmental levels when discussing phonemic
segmentation, she does when discussing
phoneme manipulation; she says that
phoneme manipulation tasks have generally been found to be beyond the reach of children before the very end of first grade (p. 72).
They also completed an individually - administered, 12 - item phonemic
segmentation and blending test, in which they segmented words into
phonemes and blended
phonemes into words (Taylor, 1991), and a group - administered word dictation test in which they wrote 15 pre-primer and 15 primer words (Colt, 1997).