Sentences with phrase «photoreceptor cells of the retina»

Consider also his claim that «the right way to think» about a visual experience is that «photons reflected off objects attack the photoreceptor cells of the retina and this sets up a series of neuronal processes (the retina being part of the brain), which eventually result, if all goes well, in a visual experience that is a perception of the very object that originally reflected the photons» (MC 64).

Human - induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be directed to develop into light - sensing photoreceptor cells of the retina.

Light perception takes place in the cone and rod photoreceptor cells of the retina, a structure at the back of the eye, through a set of proteins denominated phototransduction cascade proteins.

Not exact matches

But is it fair to equate historical constraints with defects in describing how vertebrate photoreceptors are on the back of the «inside - out» retina, shadowed by blood vessels and overlying cells?

The downside is that people with these eye diseases are losing sight in large part because they're losing a different type of eye cell: the photoreceptors that sense light in the retina.

LCA is a rare inherited eye disease that destroys vision by killing photoreceptors — light - sensitive cells in the retina at the back of the eye.

Exposure to blinding light killed photoreceptor cells in the retinas of mice (left, dying cells colored pink).

The photoreceptors in the retina, at the back of the eyes, are the primary light sensitive cells that allow us to see: they convert light into electrical signals.

At the top of the image are the retina's photoreceptor cells (in gray)-- the familiar rods and cones — that capture photons of light and translates them into electrical currents.

After initiating photoreceptor loss in the fish retinas, the researchers monitored the immune system's response by tracking the activity of three types of fluorescently labeled immune cells in and around the eye: neutrophils, microglia and peripheral macrophages.

They were able to follow the activity of the immune cells using time - lapse 3 - D microscopy imaging of fish retinas and found that neutrophils, the type of immune cells that are typically the first responders to tissue injury, were largely unresponsive to photoreceptor death.

In the centre of your retina is a dense patch of photoreceptor cells about 1 millimetre across.

Genetic diseases like retinitis pigmentosa destroy the photosensitive cells of the eye, the photoreceptors, but often leave intact the other cells in the retina: the bipolar cells that the photoreceptors normally talk to, and the ganglion cells that are the retina's output to the brain.

The therapy employs a virus to insert a gene for a common ion channel into normally blind cells of the retina that survive after the light - responsive rod and cone photoreceptor cells die as a result of diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.

In normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eye.

Most causes of untreatable blindness occur due to loss of the millions of light sensitive photoreceptor cells that line the retina, similar to the pixels in a digital camera.

Functional damage to these photoreceptors, or pathological loss of the cells that bear them, results in inability to register light impinging on the retina — and is responsible for various types of visual impairment and certain forms of congenital blindness.

The condition is hereditary or age - related, and causes degeneration of the photoreceptors — light - sensitive cells in the retina — leading to blindness.

In fact, very near the part of your retina where your photoreceptor density is highest lies a region devoid of sensory cells, in which you are completely blind.

The researchers injured the mice retinas with a toxin that causes cell death in retinal ganglion cells and interneurons, another type of retinal cell whose job it is to transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

«This study for the first time shows increased expression of IL - 33 in AMD and further demonstrates a role for glia - derived IL - 33 in the accumulation of myeloid cells in the outer retina, loss of photoreceptors, and functional impairment of the retina in preclinical models of retina stress,» the authors note.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

The researchers were surprised to find that the removal of Onecut1 also had an impact on photoreceptor cells, the rods and cones that absorb light in the retina and convert that energy to an electrical impulse eventually conveyed to the brain.

Typically, when light passes through the transparent tissue of the retina and strikes photoreceptors, they initiate electrochemical signals that propagate forward through a layer of bipolar cells to ganglion cells.

Their focus is the retina, the thin tissue in the back of the eye containing the photoreceptors and nerve cells.

(H) Cells expressing the rod photoreceptor marker XAP2 (rPR; red); BrdU - immunoreactivity (yellow) identifies mitotically active cells in the periphery of the same flank reCells expressing the rod photoreceptor marker XAP2 (rPR; red); BrdU - immunoreactivity (yellow) identifies mitotically active cells in the periphery of the same flank recells in the periphery of the same flank retina.

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of cells next to the retina that are metabolically coupled to the retina's photoreceptor neurons.

The RPE is a single layer of cells lining the back of the retina that is vital to the functioning of the retinal photoreceptor cells, and thus vision itself.

A team of UK stem cell scientists, led by Dr. Robin Ali from UCL Institute of Ophthalmology in London, has developed a new strategy for repairing the retina by transplanting photoreceptor cells generated in the laboratory from embryonic stem cells.

Confocal images of P150 dystrophic retina transplanted with hNPCctx — GDNF and double stained with antibodies against human nuclear antigen (red) and either (A) recoverin, a photoreceptor and cone bipolar cell marker (green), or (B) protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a bipolar cell marker (green).

The treatment makes these ganglion cells act like photoreceptors, responding to patterns of light that pass through the retina and converting them into patterns of electricity that go directly to the brain.

Light travels through the eyeball to reach the retina, then passes through several transparent layers of cells to strike the rod - and cone - shaped photoreceptor cells.

In the last 10 years we've been working really hard at seeing the photoreceptors and studying other retina conditions but we're now going to focus really hard on trying to visualize the ganglion cells and the vasculature that serves the ganglion cells so that we can actually test some of the most contested hypotheses about glaucoma.

These cells protect and nourish the retina, remove waste products, prevent new blood vessel growth into the retinal layer, and absorb light not absorbed by the photoreceptor cells; these actions prevent the scattering of the light and enhance clarity of vision.

It is likely that those cells would then support the function of the very important photoreceptor cells in the retina.

(B - i) Electron microscopy image of a porcine photoreceptor outer segment (POS) adjacent to an iPS - RPE cell following 3 hours co-culture with a porcine retina explant.

Subretinal transplantation of MACS purified photoreceptor precursor cells into the adult mouse retina.

(A) Extensive preservation of the nuclear photoreceptor layers in the dorsal retina of the dystrophic RCS rat 13 weeks following transplantation of iPS - RPE cells (DAPI stained nuclei).

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cells, residing at the back of the eye between Bruch's membrane and the retina, which is essential for photoreceptor function and survival.

With two - photon fluorescence microscopy Professor Denk could perform two tasks simultaneously: stimulate the photoreceptors of an isolated rabbit retina by moving a light stimulus over it in one direction, and at the same time, record the fluorescence from the individual dendrites of starburst amacrine cells.

These are the photoreceptor support cells in the retina that are critical for the process of light into sight conversion.

In these breeds the disease results from abnormal or arrested development of the photoreceptors — the visual cells in their retina, and affects pups very early in life.

To further examine the morphology of cells and the localization of protein expression within the retina, immunohistochemical staining of both paraffin and OCT retinal sections was performed with the following antibodies (Table S1): human cone arrestin (for cone photoreceptors), rhodopsin (for rod photoreceptors), RPE65 (for the retinal pigment epithelium, RPE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, for astrocytes and Müller cells), glutamine synthetase (for Müller cells) and G0alpha (for ON bipolar cells).

Layers of the retina: RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; PR, photoreceptors; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; NFL, nerve fiber layer.