Sentences with phrase «photoreceptor layers»

(A) Extensive preservation of the nuclear photoreceptor layers in the dorsal retina of the dystrophic RCS rat 13 weeks following transplantation of iPS - RPE cells (DAPI stained nuclei).

Remember the retina is the photoreceptor layer of the eye, which is responsible for converting visual images to electrical signals.

Not exact matches

Missing from the eye was the layer of rods and cones, the photoreceptors that catch light.

Light enters through the pupil and passes through four layers in the retina before reaching the light - sensitive photoreceptors.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells that accomplishes multiple functions, such as providing survival molecules that prevent photoreceptors from dying.

The second layer is made of bipolar cells that act as a conduit between the photoreceptor and the third type of cell, the ganglion, which transmits the light signals to the brain.

The first layer contains the photoreceptors — the rods and cones that detect light.

Some of the cells in this layer (the photoreceptors) convert light into an electrical signal that is then amplified and processed by other cells before being sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

However, the direction of motion is not explicitly represented at the level of the photoreceptors but rather must be calculated by subsequent layers of nerve cells.

This implant makes use of bipolar cells, as these form the second layer downstream of photoreceptor cells lost to the progress of disease.

The black layer on top of the photoreceptors is retinal pigment epithelium.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

Typically, when light passes through the transparent tissue of the retina and strikes photoreceptors, they initiate electrochemical signals that propagate forward through a layer of bipolar cells to ganglion cells.

In Figure 5O, the number of rod photoreceptor, inner nuclear layer, and retinal ganglion cells were determined by counting the nuclei of cells expressing XAP2, Calretinin, or in the RGC layer, respectively.

(A) Rosettes (arrowheads) and pseudo outer nuclear layers (arrow) are detected in explants triple stained for nuclei (blue; DAPI), cone (green; Calbindin), and rod photoreceptors (red; XAP2).

When transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional photoreceptors, human embryonic stem cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].

Calretinin - expressing (likely bipolar) cells were also observed extending processes toward the peduncles of nearby layered photoreceptors (Figure 7C).

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of cells next to the retina that are metabolically coupled to the retina's photoreceptor neurons.

The RPE is a single layer of cells lining the back of the retina that is vital to the functioning of the retinal photoreceptor cells, and thus vision itself.

If the layer is not sustained, which the implant intends to replace, then the photoreceptor cells also die off, and people lose their sight slowly as a result.

A population of these cells forms a layer deep to the photoreceptors, where they contain intracellular pigment granules and appear superficially like an extra RPE layer, even though they do not express at least two characteristic RPE proteins.

Photoreceptor inner segments (IS) are visible above the pigmented donor cell layer, demonstrating partial preservation of photoreceptPhotoreceptor inner segments (IS) are visible above the pigmented donor cell layer, demonstrating partial preservation of photoreceptorphotoreceptor structure.

Behind the photoreceptors is another layer of cells called retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which support the rods and cones by delivering nutrients from the bloodstream and removing waste that the rods and cones generate.

(E) Low power view of a retina section obtained from the same eye used in panel A showing extensive rescue of photoreceptors within the outer nuclear layer (ONL) after subretinal injection of hNPCctx — GDNF.

The treatment could help people who have a fault in a gene called RPE65, which causes problems in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a thin layer of cells that support and nourish photoreceptors.

Light travels through the eyeball to reach the retina, then passes through several transparent layers of cells to strike the rod - and cone - shaped photoreceptor cells.

Both unmodified and genetically modified groups were found to have cells that migrated and survived in two distinct locations: (i) as a separate, nearly continuous, subretinal layer lying between the host RPE and photoreceptors, and (ii) as individual cells distributed throughout the neurosensory retina, especially within the inner retinal layers (Figure 5A).

Qualitative examination of the host anatomical response to the presence of hNPCctx or hNPCctx - GDNF revealed substantial preservation of the photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) overlying all subretinal donor cells (Figure 5E and F), with photoreceptor rescue gradually declining outside the distribution of the transplanted cells (Figure 5E and G).

These cells protect and nourish the retina, remove waste products, prevent new blood vessel growth into the retinal layer, and absorb light not absorbed by the photoreceptor cells; these actions prevent the scattering of the light and enhance clarity of vision.

iPS - RPE cells were injected into the subretinal space between the host RPE and photoreceptor cells (B) A layer of iPS - RPE cells in the subretinal space of the dystrophic RCS rat 20 hours following transplantation.

Conservation of visual acuity in the iPS - RPE transplanted eyes was associated with the preservation of photoreceptors in the host outer nuclear layer (ONL — Fig. 7A), identified by the expression of rhodopsin in the outer segments of photoreceptors (Fig. 7A inset, Dystrophic + transplant).

The progression of retinal dystrophy in the RCS rat is such that by 13 weeks post-graft most of the ONL has disappeared [33] and the photoreceptor outer segment layer is reduced to a debris zone [40], a finding we observed in dystrophic controls.

Inset shows higher resolution confocal images of photoreceptor cell nuclear layers (DAPI blue) and rhodopsin expression (red) in the dystrophic control (left inset) and dystrophic with iPS - RPE transplant (right inset) RCS rat.

«This is a reflective layer so light that is not absorbed by photoreceptors gets bounced back and forth in the back of the eye to give it another chance at being recognized,» Ryder says.

Layers of the retina: RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; PR, photoreceptors; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; NFL, nerve fiber layer.