Though not all refugee and asylum seeking children and adolescents are subjected to these circumstances, experiences often claimed to be encountered by them include the violent death of a parent, injury / torture towards a family member (s), witness of murder / massacre, terrorist attack (s), child - soldier activity, bombardments and shelling, detention, beatings and / or
physical injury, disability
inflicted by violence, sexual
assault, disappearance of family members / friends, witness of parental fear and panic, famine, forcible eviction, separation and forced migration (Burnett & Peel, 2001; Davies & Webb, 2000).