Last year, San Diego's Synthetic Genomics teamed up with United Therapeutics Corp. of Silver Spring, Md., to develop humanized
pig organs for transplant.
They have also used it to prepare
pig organs for human transplants and to beef up the muscles in beagles.
In the four years since CRISPR has been around, researchers have used it to fix genetic diseases in animals, combat viruses, sterilize mosquitoes and prepare
pig organs for human transplants.
Not exact matches
And it may represent the first step on the road to using
pig organs as viable options
for humans.
For example, scientists would remove the gene from a
pig that creates a pancreas, or other
organ.
Luhan Yang strives to make
pig organs safe
for human transplants.
Xeno - Edit, a CRISPR gene - editing biotechnology firm, has successfully created the world's first
pig organs ready
for xenotransplantation in humans.
Pig organs have not been used
for transplant partly because they carry viruses that could infect people.
But that's likely to be the state of play
for the first pioneering patients, if whole
pig organs make it to the clinic.
The scarcity of life - saving
organs for transplants has raised hopes
for substitute
organs from
pigs, which have a similar anatomy to humans.
Creating
pigs that are essentially normal except
for one human
organ sounds disturbing — but it could one day give us an unlimited supply of
organs for transplant
We can foresee cloned herds as living factories: Cows and
pigs will churn out valuable human proteins in their milk or blood, and tissues and
organs for transplantation.
Scientists believe
pigs are the most likely candidates
for xenotransplantation because their
organs are biologically similar to those of humans.
In an application
for a prestigious «Pioneer Award» from NIH this year, he proposed injecting human pluripotent stem cells into
pig embryos whose genes
for specific
organs had been knocked out.
These human -
pig «chimeras» were not allowed to develop past the fetal stage, but the experiment suggests such creations could eventually be used to grow fully human
organs for transplant, easing the fatal shortage of
organs: 120,000 people in the United States are waiting
for lifesaving transplants, but every day two dozen die before they get them.
He has a grant from a private foundation
for the research, but the NIH award would have let him move more quickly toward the ultimate goal: growing human
organs in
pigs for transplantation.
CRISPR has already helped scientists combine Wooly Mammoth and elephant DNA, engineer
pig organs that are compatible
for human transplants and even edit the genome of a human embryo.
Pig organs without the potentially dangerous and deadly animal retroviruses may soon be available
for human transplant patients.
A great number of problematic proteins and viruses must be engineered out of the
pigs, and human genes added, before their
organs can be made ready
for human transplant.
However welcome the recent announcement that a team of scientists based at Newcastle University, has grown a section of human liver using stem cells from umbilical cords, rather than from the more controversial source of embryonic stem cells, and whatever the eventual promise or potential of harvesting
organs for transplantation from genetically modified
pigs, the benefits of either of these two pioneering techniques to currently dying / suffering patients, remain both elusive and distant.