Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that teaching parents to use graduated extinction (i.e., parent checks on and comforts their infant at increasing time intervals but leaves the room before the infant falls asleep) or adult fading (i.e., a parent
places a camp bed or chair next to their infant's cot, pats their infant to sleep for the first
few nights, then gradually moves their camp bed or chair out
of the infant's bedroom
over a
period of weeks) reduces both infant sleep problems and maternal depression symptoms.5 In toddlers, provision
of a bedtime routine by parents has also been shown to reduce sleep problems.6