Sentences with phrase «planetary albedo»

Greenhouse warming that is stronger over land and in the Northern Hemisphere tends to strengthen the monsoon, but increases in planetary albedo over the continent due to aerosol forcing and / or land - use change tend to weaken it.

They tend to believe that as the planet warms, low - level cloud cover will increase, thus increasing planetary albedo (overall reflectiveness of the Earth), offsetting the increased greenhouse effect and preventing a dangerous level of global warming from occurring.

Essentially, every timestep the model calculates the forcing from CO2 and reduces incoming solar radiation to offset that, taking changing planetary albedo into account.

The solar radiative forcing is TSI in Watts per square meter (W - m - 2) divided by 4 to account for spherical geometry, and multiplied by 0.7 to account for planetary albedo (Meehl 2002).

Qu, X., and A. Hall, 2005: Surface contribution to planetary albedo variability in cryosphere regions.

However, even a smaller figure (I had calculated about 0.17 W / m ^ 2 based on your inflated figure for total planetary albedo, but you can check it out) is still significant when compared with the total flux imbalance, which I think is a more informative comparison than an arbitrarily selected change in cloud cover, because it compares the sea ice reduction with the effects of all climate variations that have been operating in recent years..

The size of the greenhouse effect is often estimated as being the difference between the actual global surface temperature and the temperature the planet would be without any atmospheric absorption, but with exactly the same planetary albedo, around 33 °C.

The 21st century can be expected to be with lower solar activity, less deflection of cloud - seeding galactic cosmic rays, higher average cloud cover, a more reflective planetary albedo, and a cooler planet..

A recent reconstruction of planetary albedo based on the earthshine method, which also depends on ISCCP cloud data, reports a similar decrease during the 1990s.

A simple model (63) predicts collapse of the ISM if regional planetary albedo exceeds ≈ 0.5, whereas increasing CO2 stabilizes the monsoon.

The Earth's planetary albedo varies mainly through varying cloudiness, snow, ice, leaf area and land cover changes

We find that the Arctic planetary albedo has decreased from 0.52 to 0.48 between 1979 and 2011, corresponding to an additional 6.4 ± 0.9 W / m2 of solar energy input into the Arctic Ocean region since 1979.

This is not purely a thermodynamic response to the reduction in planetary albedo at these latitudes.

Whilst several methods for counteracting climate change with geoengineering are considered feasible, injecting sulfates or other fine aerosols into the stratosphere, thereby increasing planetary albedo, is a leading contender.

Closed cloud cells tend to form over cool, upwelling zones increasing global albedo — open cloud cells form over warmer surfaces — decreasing planetary albedo (Koren et al 2017).

It is well known that multiple factors are involved, including the change in planetary albedo, change in nitrous oxide concentration, change in methane concentration, and change in CO2 concentration.

In order to determine the solar contribution, we have to start with the solar radiative forcing, which is the change in total solar irradiance (TSI) in Watts per square meter (W / m2) divided by 4 to account for spherical geometry, and multiplied by 0.7 to account for planetary albedo (Meehl 2002).

From a natural system perspective the first principle is planetary albedo (the sum of landscapes, water bodies and clouds).

The idea was that the resulting increase in aerosol would increase the brightness and lifetime of low maritime clouds, increasing the planetary albedo.

One common proposition about sea ice is that it involves a positive feed - back because the ice affects the planetary albedo (how the planet reflects the sunlight back to space before the energy enters the «climate system»).

To make such statements wouldn't we have to know the 3 - D dust field in the LGM and the impact of those aerosols on clouds (and planetary albedo)?

The hypothesis proposed by Svensmark and others is that the CRF affects the ionisation of aerosols and the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), which again affects the fraction of low clouds and the planetary albedo.

This implies that the CRF levels must have systematically decreased over time, causing a long - term decrease in the low cloud fraction and hence a long - term reduction in the planetary albedo, that again would be responsible for the warming.

Figure 1: Time evolution of global surface temperature, TOA net flux, column water vapor, planetary albedo, sea ice cover, and cloud cover, after zeroing out all of the noncondensing GHG's.

This estimate was refined by Hansen and Nazarenko (2004), who used measured BC concentrations within snow and ice at a wide range of geographic locations to deduce the perturbation to the surface and planetary albedo, deriving an RF of +0.15 W mâ $ «2.

Rayleigh - Benard Convection cloud physics result in changes in planetary albedo.

The effect of solar output change is reduced by the planetary albedo (reflectiveness — about 0.3), and the CO ₂ forcing is averaged over the whole surface of the planet, which is four times the area of the disk receiving solar radiation.