«I am satisfied that certified copies of
plans of survey made available to members of the public under the statutory scheme are works published under the «direction or control» of the Crown for the purposes of s. 12 of the Copyright Act,» Justice David Doherty wrote in the decision.
«Pursuant to the terms of that section, copyright in registered or deposited
plans of survey «belongs» to the Crown for the period of time prescribed in that section.»
Garth Myers, counsel for the plaintiffs in the appeal, says the Court of Appeal's conclusion that copyright had been transferred to the Crown as
plans of survey are prepared under the Crown's direction or control is incorrect.
The statutory scheme also sets strict parameters for the form and content of
any plans of survey that are to be deposited.
He noted that the legislation provides for deposit of
plans of survey with the province's Land Registry Office.
Essentially, the same provisions of the statutory regimes governing the registration of
plans of survey could be used to support the view that a surveyor who deposits a plan with the registry provides a broad, perpetual licence to the government to reproduce and disseminate the plans as part of the land titles system.
Considered as a whole, the provisions demonstrate that
plans of survey registered or deposited in the ELRS are held and published entirely under the Crown's direction and control.
Nevertheless, the court was of the view that «a compelling case can be made that copyright belongs to the Crown, based on s. 12 of the Copyright Act and the statutory regime that governs
plans of survey» (at para 113), although it stopped short of actually drawing this conclusion.
Instead, he found that copyright in
the plans of survey is «transferred to the province» when plans are deposited.
Both the Land Titles Act and the Registry Act provide that «certified copies of registered or deposited
plans of survey must be made available to members of the public upon payment of the prescribed fee.»
When
plans of survey are registered and deposited in the provincial land registry offices in Ontario, the Respondent makes electronic copies of the plans and sells them for a fee.
[3] The Appellant brings this action on its own behalf and on behalf of all land surveyors in Ontario who registered or deposited
their plans of survey in provincial land registry offices.
The proposed class action alleges that the Respondent's creation, maintenance and operation of its database constitutes copyright infringement in
the plans of survey under the Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C - 42 («Copyright Act»).
Class members claimed that Teranet had infringed on their copyright by digitizing, storing and copying
plans of surveys they created and deposited in the system.
It has long been accepted that land survey plans are works in which copyright subsists and that the author of
a plan of survey is the surveyor.
If the land surveyor has copyright, the making and distribution of paper or digital copies of
the plan of survey is a breach of copyright whether done by an employee of the Province or by a third party hired by the Province to perform that function.»
At one point Justice Doherty states that: «The copyright rests in either the Province or the land surveyor who prepared
the plan of survey.
The Class includes all land surveyors, whether acting as individuals, corporations, or partnerships in Ontario who on or before March 26, 2014 were the: (a) author of
a plan of survey; or (b) employer of the land surveyor at the time the plan was made; or (c) an assignee of either an author or employer, whose plan of survey appeared at any time in the Teranet database.
The Class includes all land surveyors, whether acting as individuals, corporations or partnerships in Ontario who on or before March 26, 2014 were the (a) author of
a plan of survey; or (b) employer of the land surveyor at the time the plan was made; or (c) an assignee of either an author or employer, whose plan of survey appeared at any time in Teranet Inc.'s electronic database.
Plan of Survey or Location Certificate.
Not exact matches
Almost a third
of Canadians between the ages
of 18 and 33 concede they are «not at all knowledgeable» about retirement savings
plans, a recent
survey by TD Bank found.
While only 18 percent
of U.S. organizations offer paid parental leave, according to the Society for Human Resource Management's 2016 Employee Benefits
Survey, many high profile employers have begun announcing
plans that both increase the amount
of paid time off for new parents and offer it regardless
of gender.
According to a recent
survey of 2,000 American and European shoppers done by Astound Commerce a full 40 percent
of us are
planning to do more than half
of our shopping via Amazon.
The investment indicator in the Business Outlook
Survey weakened significantly from the summer report, as the balance
of opinion between firms
planning more spending on machinery and equipment versus those predicting less dropped to 17 per cent from 29 per cent in the summer and 35 per cent at the start
of the year.
Surveys taken recently by banks and small business advocacy groups show that at most, a third
of small businesses
plan to expand their staffs in the next 12 months.
Since JetBlue announced
plans to rebrand in late 2014, the percentage
of people polled who have said they are positive about the JetBlue brand has fallen almost eight points, according to YouGov, a research firm that
surveys brand perceptions.
Our
survey found that nearly 60 percent
of respondents from small - and medium - sized businesses
plan to hire anywhere from two to five positions this year.
Thirty - five percent
of the people
surveyed in the center's most recent study said they
plan to start saving for retirement in their 20s.
This year, only a third
of American consumers
plan to spend $ 501 or more buying gifts, according to personal finance site WalletHub's latest
survey.
A major new spending
plan for buildings, roads and power supplies should be the number one priority for the U.S. administration this year, according to a new CNBC
survey of global finance chiefs.
A
survey conducted this year by Canadian Business and Deloitte shows that only 17 %
of family - owned businesses in Canada have succession
plans.
What's more interesting is that slightly more than one in three (35.66 percent)
planning on smoking some pot this Friday will be skipping work on April 20 and the remaining 41.86 percent
of survey - takers will go to work.
Indeed in a recent
survey of over 1500 small businesses, email ranked top as the marketing channel with the highest ROI and an impressive 89 %
of the SME's
surveyed planned to increase their use
of email marketing during 2014.
While 72 %
of Canadians
surveyed identified retirement saving as their highest financial priority, many believed they would need to replace only 60 %
of their income after retirement, short
of the 75 - 85 % generally assumed by
planning professionals.
The top reason people gave for slacking off when it came to estate
planning was that they «just hadn't gotten around to it,» according to the
survey of 1,003 adults conducted in late January.
We
surveyed almost 1,500
of our customers in December to ask about their
plans for 2014.
Many
of the 1,433 small business owners
surveyed expect to live well into their retirement years, with one in three saying they
plan to retire older than 70.
Nearly 40 %
of retailers
plan to accept Apple Pay by the end
of 2015, according to a
survey from Boston retail partners.
While implementation
of some
of the ideas can be slow,
surveys done by MBAs Across America suggest that 100 %
of the entrepreneurs assisted so far
plan on implementing at least one
of the recommendations.
To that point, 92 percent
of the 3,500 - plus readers who had taken our
survey as
of Dec. 4 said they would not roll over their 401 (k) funds into a company pension
plan.
In fact, according to a Sleeter Group
survey of small business owners, business
planning and strategy were the top two services they wished their accountants provided.
But in a new
survey of 250 business owners by Bank
of America's Merrill Lynch division, only 39 % said they used an expert — like a management consultant, financial adviser or commercial banker — to develop a succession
plan.
What's more, while 95 percent
of small businesses are organized as pass - throughs (based on 2014 Treasury Dept. data) rather than traditional C - corporations, the CNBC / SurveyMonkey Small Business
Survey found the most support (68 percent) for the tax
plan among C - corps — which would receive the flat corporate tax - rate reduction to 20 percent.
According to Jobvite's 2014 Social Recruiting
Survey, 93 %
of recruiters use or
plan to use social recruiting, and 73 %
plan to increase their investment in social this year.
The
survey, «High - Growth Entrepreneurs
Plan to Continue Growing,» found that 133 CEOs who attended the Inc. 500 5000 Conference last week are readying themselves for plenty
of new hires in 2012.
Apps are now commonplace in the event
planning space, and according to a Guidebook
survey, 88 percent
of event professionals utilizing them say they've seen an increase in the vital metric
of attendee satisfaction.
«Many business owners have not made important decisions [about succession
planning],» Keith Banks, president
of U.S. Bank said in a video conference to discuss the
survey findings.
According to the Capital One Rewards Barometer, a quarterly
survey of U.S. consumers, half
of respondents
planning summer trips will pay at least some
of their travel expenses using rewards, compared with 42 percent last year.
But a recent
survey of fast - growing smaller companies shows that while most
plan to sell their businesses, they also think their businesses are undervalued.
And there's this interesting tidbit too: One quarter
of business executives
surveyed said they are simply more effective communicating in their businesses than in their personal lives, which may factor into why so many have trouble communicating
plans for passing on their businesses to family members.