Sentences with phrase «plant defenses»

The resulting data clearly showed that the microbial cocktail could bolster plant defenses against both arsenic and rice blast disease.

But no one knows how insect populations will respond to such novel plant defenses.

For example, some caterpillars roll leaves to reduce the effectiveness of plant defenses activated by sunlight.

Phenolic acids are often associated with plant defenses or plant - microbe communication.

Insects overcome plant defenses by the rapid excretion, sequestration or detoxification of toxic substances.

Noting that insects have been evolving resistance to natural plant defenses for millions of years and that this year marks the 100th anniversary of the first reported case of insecticide resistance, he concludes, «Finding ways to delay resistance is a never - ending challenge with any pest management approach.»

The authors propose an alternative hypothesis; while plant defenses may evolve rapidly due to selection by herbivores, herbivores may evolve more slowly.

Herbivore modification is when various adaptations to body or digestive systems of the herbivore allow them to overcome plant defenses.

«Microbes help beetles defeat plant defenses.»

«But, herbivores can evade plant defenses by using symbiotic bacteria that deceive the plant into perceiving an herbivore threat as microbial, suppressing the plant's defenses against herbivores.»

By including different types of plant defenses in their analysis, the authors could figure out how different groups of herbivores select hosts based on the defensive traits.

Ecologists who study plant defenses have long predicted that while mature leaves can rely on physical toughness to thwart hungry insects and other animals, tender young leaves need something extra to protect themselves.

In recent years, scientists have identified a host of compounds called chemical elicitors — found, for example, in insect saliva — that can limit plant defenses, including the production of bad - tasting compounds that ward off herbivores.

The researchers showed on the genetic level how high temperature weakens plant defenses while, separately, strengthening bacterial attacks.

«Caterpillars react to this chemical defense by crawling away, so using vibrations to enhance plant defenses could be useful to agriculture,» Appel said.

«Dual internal clocks keep plant defenses on schedule: Disturbing the tick - tock of one clock causes the other to tighten its timetable.»

The team members were surprised to find that the plasmid shares many genes with the chromosome, suggesting, says Boucher, that the plasmid supplies alternative versions of genes to help the bacterium elude plant defenses.

Plant defenses increase survival and / or reproduction (fitness) of plants under pressure of predation from herbivores.

Different things work against different enemies in different situations, so you're often planting defenses to take advantage of the dungeon's layout, and then changing your plans on the fly as different heroes rush your fortress.

Plant defenses against pathogens follow a salicylic acid mediated pathway.

Additionally, their analysis revealed that herbivores may drive evolution of plant defenses, but may not show coevolutionary adaptations.

Herbivores have three primary strategies for dealing with plant defenses: choice, herbivore modification, and plant modification.

Seung Ho Chung, graduate student in entomology working with Felton, decided to investigate how plants identified chewers and how herbivores subverted the plants defenses.

Plant defenses against chewing insects follow a jasmonite - mediated pathway that induces protease inhibitors and polyphenol oxidase, which suppress digestion and growth.

Plant defenses — which can include induced cell fortification, cell suicide, toxic chemicals, and defensive enzymes and proteins — typically were sufficient to keep the infection in check, but not strong enough to eliminate it.

The reason could be that plant defenses against pathogens gradually weaken after a fire, Moritz and Odion speculate — for instance, from stiffer competition among plants as they grow, decreased chemical defenses as they age, or depletion of soil nutrients.The findings suggest that California's fight against forest fires over many decades may have precipitated or accelerated the outbreak, and that perhaps controlled burning could be used to halt it, the authors say.

Plant defenses are no exception.

However, many insects have become adapted to plant defenses and can feed on plant tissues containing toxins or deterrents without the expected negative effects.

The increasing resistance of pest insects to Bt is another reason to look deeper into the natural insect adaptations against plant defenses.

Thus, this unbiased approach is one of our major contributions to the understanding of the complexity of plant defenses and insect adaptations,» explains Sagar Pandit, one of the senior authors of the study.

But until now, scientists weren't sure what the consequences of these plant defenses were for the caterpillar.

The salicylic acid signal for activation of plant defenses is mediated by active oxygen species

Mana is required to plant defenses, and mana crystals can be placed to increase your mana pool.

The full - on multiplayer can really sing, either as a team deathmatch or a zombie incursion across a sequence of plant defenses.

And now that the coin economy is rebalanced to encourage you to play however you want, to be earned and spent no matter how you're playing, you can use your seeds freely to plant defenses and grow attackers.

You've bravely fought the zombies with your plant defenses.

It could very well be that the insect has recently evolved mechanisms to elude detection or to circumvent the plant defenses.