Sentences with phrase «plant defenses by»

«But, herbivores can evade plant defenses by using symbiotic bacteria that deceive the plant into perceiving an herbivore threat as microbial, suppressing the plant's defenses against herbivores.»

Not exact matches

«Plants are subject to attack by an onslaught of microbes and herbivores, yet are able to specifically perceive the threat and mount appropriate defenses,» said Gary W. Felton, professor and head of entomology.

But those same chemical defenses can reduce the number of visits to the plant by pollinators such as bees, resulting in less pollination of individual plants and decreased growth.

«What is remarkable is that the plants exposed to different vibrations, including those made by a gentle wind or different insect sounds that share some acoustic features with caterpillar feeding vibrations did not increase their chemical defenses,» Cocroft said.

At each site Meyerson and Cronin measured plant biomass and defenses against herbivores and quantified insect damage by galling, chewing and sucking (aphids) insects to measure the effects of herbivory on Phragmites fitness.

In a previous study, Duke University biologist Xinnian Dong and colleagues discovered that plants fend off potential fungal infections by boosting their defenses in the morning, when many fungi are likely to release their spores and launch an attack.

Chemical defenses are secondary metabolites produced by the plant that deter herbivory.

For example, some caterpillars roll leaves to reduce the effectiveness of plant defenses activated by sunlight.

The myriad defenses displayed by plants means that their herbivores need a variety of skills to overcome these defenses and obtain food.

Orrock and colleagues activated tomato plants» defenses by spraying them with increasing concentrations of methyl jasmonate — a version of a chemical that plants release when they are being attacked that triggers downstream responses such as increased production of toxic metabolites.

Temperature - driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses.

It actually punished you by reducing substantially how much money you made playing, yet it still cost the same to plant seeds to help with your defenses.

Kill the horde of Skull warriors and collect the ectoplasm to set up towers and defenses whenever the magic stones light up: CATAPULTS, to throw flame to the enemy; BARRICADES, to block the attackers in their path; BARRELS, to shoot fire arrows and explode them in the middle of a skeleton legion; POISON PLANTS, to hit the warriors and slay them slowly while they walk... There are diverse types of magic energy to use at war: LIGHTNING, to defeat targets with metal or steel armor; FIRE, to burn light armor troops and blow up the exploding barrels; ICE, to turn your victims into ice cubes and slow them down; POISON, just one drop and the victim will succumb little by little to its toxic effects; STUN, to shoot and make their heads spin and leave them stupefied; EXPLOSIVE, to send everything flying with its strong TNT head... Use all with the different kind of arrows and do individual, radius or multiple damage.