Sentences with phrase «plant root cells»

Sure enough, plant root cells that harbor fungal arbuscules increase their expression of genes involved in producing such lipids by 3000-fold.

Not exact matches

In the lab, they studied plant xylem vessels — xylem cells make the tubes that transport water from the roots to the top of a tree.

The Cologne molecular biologist is an expert on root - colonizing fungi and the plant immune system, the Würzburg chemist is a specialist for sugar molecules and their functions in cells and organisms.

However, microgravity can reduce cell growth, alter gene expression and change the pattern of root growth — all aspects which critically affect plant cultivation in space.

Not only the root's stem - cell niche is located there, the root tip also accommodates sensors for an auxin - dependent growth of the plant based on gravitation.

Professor Taylor, who co-ordinated the research, says: «Our findings provide the very first insight into how biochar stimulates plant growth — we now know that cell expansion is stimulated in roots and leaves alike and this appears to be the consequence of a complex signalling network that is focussed around two plant growth hormones.

The Arabidopsis thaliana plant root, used in these studies, is a quite simple organ, in which cells with different functions are separated.

Microscopic roundworms (nematodes) live like maggots in bacon: They penetrate into the roots of beets, potatoes or soybeans and feed on plant cells, which are full of energy.

In Arabidopsis, as in most plants, there is a specific zone near the tip of the root where stem cells transition from a stage of proliferation to one where they differentiate into specific tissue types.

A team at the University of Missouri Bond Life Sciences Center collaborated with scientists at the University of Bonn in Germany to discover genetic evidence that the parasite uses its own version of a key plant hormone and that of the plants to make root cells vulnerable to feeding.

Scientists at the University of Bonn together with an international team discovered that nematodes produce a plant hormone to stimulate the growth of specific feeding cells in the roots.

«For a long time it was speculated that plant hormones play a role in the formation of a nurse cell system in roots,» says Prof. Dr. Florian Grundler from the Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn.

Besides these stem cells, plant roots also harbor organizing cells.

But with their program, researchers were able to watch the cells in root tips of plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) growing and splitting in 3D over the course of days, they report this month on the preprint server bioRxiv.

Early in his career, he suspected that a group of cells in the plant roots could be important.

To show their program's promise beyond plant roots, the researchers also used it with a different microscope to watch groups of cells move around in growing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Yet, this increases the probability that the other stem cells in the root stem cell niche will die due to the cold, leading to the plant's death.

If the concentration of the CDF4 protein would be too high in the stem cells, then the stem cells would also be forced to differentiate and the plant would have to stop root growth.

Lieven De Veylder said, «Our data suggest that certain organizing stem cells in plant roots are less sensitive for DNA - damage.

When alien species invade and take over communities, they may not come alone — many plant species are host to a whole suite of microorganisms that not only live in plant cells, but also in the soil surrounding the plants» roots.

Though most of these proteins are present in multiple root cell types, the researchers found, their statistical models and experiments in living plants suggest the combined effect is to activate the Short - root master switch in some cells but not others.

Only some of the plant's 30,000 genes are active in a given root cell at a given time, thanks to proteins called transcription factors that turn genes on and off as needed.

As a growing plant extends its roots into the soil, the new cells that form at their tips assume different roles, from transporting water and nutrients to sensing gravity.

The green glowing center of this Arabidopsis root contains a protein that helps transform immature precursor cells into some of the specialized cells that make up the plant's root tip.

The plant's tiny threadlike roots are built from roughly 15 types of cells, each with its own set of duties.

Sure enough, plants with mutant versions of these DNA - binding proteins produced root cells with altered levels of Short - root.

Researchers have identified a set of DNA - binding proteins in the roots of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana that work in combination to help precursor cells selectively read different parts of the same genetic script and acquire their different fates.

The researchers focused on the secondary cell walls in a type of plant tissue called xylem from the Arabidopsis plant's roots.

When prompted by peptide signals, stem cells in the meristem develop into any of the plant's organs — roots, leaves, or flowers, for example.

Solving a puzzle of plant manipulation Rather than try to isolate single genes related to secondary cell wall production, the researchers looked at the function of hundreds of transcription factors working within the root xylem's regulatory network.

Within the nodules, two distinct zones — one that fixes the nitrogen and another that transports it to the plant — are formed from the same pre-existing root cells.

The bacteria, called Rhizobium, enter the root cells of young plants and trigger the formation of nodules to house the bacteria, he explained.

«Live cell imaging of asymmetric cell division in fertilized plant cells: Insight into why leaves grow up and roots grow down in flowering plants.»

More recently, scientists have been able to clone plants by taking pieces of specialized roots, breaking them up into root cells and growing the root cells in a nutrient - rich culture.

Some plants, such as hickories and oaks, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves before the winter chill sets in - effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves - and growing new leaves and water transport cells when warmer weather returns.

With luck, the callus will grow, divide and form various specialized cells (roots, stems), eventually forming a new plant.

Plant roots grow due to cell division in the meristem and subsequent cell elongation and differentiation, a tightly coordinated process that ensures growth and adaptation to the changing environment.

They produced a suite of remarkable videos showing growing roots and fluorescently tagged solutes and large molecules moving through the phloem, the tissue that transports plant sugars, and getting offloaded to neighboring cells.

Through the quantitative analysis of individual plant roots and from root length measurements over time, an estimation of dynamical parameters such as relative cell elongation rates, meristematic activity rate, and time spent in the EZ was obtained (see description in Appendix Text: Section S1.A and formulae in Table EV2 both for Approach 1 and Approach 2).

To confirm, evaluate, and quantify the extent of such exponential behavior in individual plant roots, we analyzed root epidermal (trichoblast, to be able to recognize root hair) and cortex cell files of wild ‐ type Col ‐ 0 ecotype, from day 1 to 10 postgermination (Materials and Methods, Dataset EV1).

The fungi colonize root cells, gaining access to carbon supplied by the plant, while at the same time mobilizing mineral nutrients from the soil, including phosphorus, to be used by the plant.

This work is part of a newly funded U.S. Department of Energy / Department of Agriculture project led by the University of Missouri, Columbia to explore the biology of a single plant cell type, while gaining novel insight into the impacts of temperature and water availability on a crucial root cell necessary for nutrient uptake.

As the root of a growing plant pushes its way through soil, its cells have a lot of organizing to do.

Without the cells to worry about, the team took things one step further, looking to explore the role of different tissues within the plant in driving its roots toward water.

«Fulvic acid readily complexes with minerals and metals making them available to plant roots and easily absorbable through cell walls.

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Teacher Answer Key Topics Include: • plant systems: roots and shoots • plant tissues: dermal, vascular, ground • epidermis • trichomes • xylem • phloem • plant cell types: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma • fibrous roots • taproots • root hairs • root cap • stems • leaves • palisade mesophyll • spongy mesophyll • cuticle • stomata • guard cells • meristems • primary growth • secondary growth • vascular cambium • cork cambium • wood • tree rings • bark • mycorrhiza • legumes • tracheids • vessel elements • transpiration • sieve - tube members • companion cells • pressure - flow hypothesis • parasitic plants • carnivorous plants • epiphytes • hormones • auxins • phototropism • gravitropism • thigmotropism • cytokinins • gibberellins • ethylene • abscisic acid • photoperiodism • desert plants • plant defenses Happy Teaching!

We've seen technologies where the electrons in the soil near plants» roots was are used to power a fuel cell and concepts for moss - powered lamps, but this discovery from University of Georgia researchers taps photosynthesis directly for producing electricity.

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