The biofuel industry is built around the idea that turning
plants into ethanol creates a carbon - neutral fuel cycle.
Indeed, biofuels aren't really a stretch — humans have been using microorganisms to ferment
plants into ethanol ever since Stone Age people began making beer around 10,000 B.C. Today's work hinges on engineering a perfect microbe that will eat the entirety of a plant, retain only a little of this food for itself and spew out the rest as a high - energy fuel.
In the last few years, some refineries began converting the inedible parts of corn
plants into ethanol, Chundawat said.
Not exact matches
The endless fields of corn and soybeans blur
into the expanses of the American Middle West, fly - over country, where
ethanol plants and windmill farms have sprouted in recent years but nothing much makes the national news.
A few years later, LifeLine Foods and ICM Inc., the world leader in
ethanol facility design and engineering, formed a joint venture to transform the corn mill
into the country's first corn - processing
plant that utilizes a proprietary technology developed by ICM to produce food and fuel simultaneously.
We've used yeast to convert
plant cellulose and starch
into biofuels like
ethanol for decades; however, the process still isn't efficient, and scientists are genetically altering yeast to change that.
With these experimental results, it is shown that, using the carboxylate - type liquid zwitterion,
plant biomass could be converted
into ethanol in a single reaction pot without washing / separation processes.
After handing me goggles and a hard hat, Foust and engineer Dan Schell usher me
into the lab's pilot
ethanol plant.
After dissolving
plant biomass by the novel solvent, carboxylate - type liquid zwitterion, hydrolysis and fermentation were consecutively carried out in one reaction pot for conversion
into ethanol.
By turning crops such as corn, sugarcane and palm oil
into biofuels — whether
ethanol, biodiesel, or something else — proponents hope to reap the benefits of the carbon soaked up as the
plants grow to offset the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted when the resulting fuel is burned.
Yeast and other microbes can ferment
plant sugars
into ethanol, a gasoline additive.
Commercial - scale efforts have existed for over a hundred years that convert corn, sugar cane and other
plant - based substances
into a wide array of products, ranging from fuel such as corn - based
ethanol to ingredients in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
Together the two
plants would produce, at best, 22 million gallons of
ethanol a year by using sulfuric acid to break the lignocellulose bonds and then burning the leftover lignin to power fermentation of the cellulose
into ethanol.
BlueFire has already operated such a
plant to convert wood waste
into ethanol in Japan to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology.
The CO2 will come from a
plant that processes corn
into multiple products, including corn syrup, food chemicals and
ethanol.
«The challenge is breaking down cellulose (
plant) material, using enzymes,
into sugars that can be fermented
into ethanol,» he said.
Previous studies on switchgrass plots suggested that
ethanol made from the
plant would yield anywhere from 343 % to 700 % of the energy put
into growing the crop and processing it
into biofuel.
Plus, this process, reported in Nature, works faster than the several days it takes Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to ferment
plant sugars
into ethanol, because it is chemically controlled and therefore can be completed in hours.
Plants are one way to capture the energy from the sun, and if you can break down the complex sugars — which is what cellulases do —
into simple sugars, then the simple sugars can drive the metabolism and things like fermentation to produce
ethanol.
When it comes to using
plant waste to mitigate climate change, most people think of turning it
into ethanol or biodiesel for use as a fuel.
But making that dream a reality could harm local environments and would require developing new technology to harvest, process and convert such
plant material
into biofuels such as
ethanol.
Such cellulosic
ethanol from native
plants would also require technological breakthroughs to efficiently convert
plant leaves, stems and other inedible parts
into fuel.
Now, Brazil hopes to tap
into a new biofuel source: second - generation
ethanol, produced from the tough cellulose in
plant stalks.
This is one of the first steps in converting complex
plant materials
into simple forms that can be fermented
into ethanol for fuel.
The prevailing approach to biofuels production is to convert
plant sugars from traditional food crops
into ethanol using centuries - old fermentation practices.
Ordinarily, it is wasted when
plant biomass, including cellulose, is converted
into biofuels like
ethanol.
Tina Engels of Chicago paints her soft - edged «Still Life with Shell» (2011) in a careful arrangement with dried flowers; Amy MacLennan from St. Louis paints broad gestures in «Lilac Study Gold» (2010) and makes her «
Ethanol Plant, Peoria» dissolve
into the landscape.
The key factors determining carbon emissions for corn - based
ethanol are (1) whether coal or natural gas is used to power the
ethanol plant, (2) whether distillers grains are dried or sold wet, and (3) whether expansion of corn acreage comes mainly from reduced acreage of lower - value crops or if idled land is brought
into production.
And while I'm not personally a fan of
ethanol, the
plant described at the following link seems to address many of the concerns about
ethanol and big - scale farming by treating wastes from one process as feedstock
into another and reducing the amount of energy required at each stage.
Just been looking up the sources for commercial CO2 and here is a short exerpt from google: «The most common operations from which commercially - produced carbon dioxide is recovered are industrial
plants which produce hydrogen or ammonia from natural gas, coal, or other hydrocarbon feedstock, and large - volume fermentation operations in which
plant products are made
into ethanol for human consumption, automotive fuel or industrial use.
Here in Michigan, you're actually a step ahead of the game with your first - ever commercial cellulosic
ethanol plant, which will lead the way by turning wood
into clean - burning fuel.
The production of
ethanol for fuel in the US uses huge amounts of land, some of which was brought back
into production for this purpose, large amounts of energy to the point there is probably a net loss, major water consumption, and little savings in net CO2 emissions (which are
plant food anyway.)
While there continue to be high hopes that biofuels made from
plant products like corncobs and switchgrass can help meet our growing energy needs, one major obstacle has been the cost of enzymes which are used to break down these tough
plant parts
into simple sugars that can be turned
into ethanol.
The researchers examined three ways of using sunlight to power cars: a) the traditional method of converting corn or other
plants to
ethanol; b) converting energy crops
into electricity for BEVs rather than producing
ethanol; and C) using PVs to convert sunlight directly
into electricity for BEVs.
The above figures can not be proven true but the result seems to indicate that
ethanol from
plants is too costly now in terms of CO2 release when alternate non fuel growth on the land is factored
into the equations.
Instead of harnessing the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide
into plant food, artificial photosynthesis seeks to use the same starting ingredients to produce chemical precursors commonly used in synthetic products as well as fuels like
ethanol.
As long as the economics are there, he says, «Someone will build an
ethanol plant and turn corn
into fuel and make a bunch of money.»
A major focus will be on understanding how to reengineer biological processes for more efficient conversion of
plant fiber, or cellulose,
into ethanol, a substitute for gasoline.
So some of the cellulose
ethanol plants actually built and functional can't afford to go
into production.
Using data from corn
ethanol plant technologies and smaller - scale switchgrass conversion studies, Vogel estimated that an average of 60 GJ per hectare could be obtained if the switchgrass were converted
into bioethanol.
Nuclear energy is a quick fix that could ruin the earth for future generations.Burning down the Amazon to
plant other
plants we can burn [
ethanol and bio diesel] kind of defeats the purpose of trying to reduce CO2 because the Amazon is what will turn the CO2 back
into Oxygen.
Now, on the site of an old cabbage farm 9 miles from Medina, New York Energy is building an 87 million dollar
ethanol plant to turn 20 million bushels of corn
into 50 million gallons of fuel.
By the way, what about the
plants which will need to be built to process the grass
into ethanol?
Shell was the first of the big oil companies to venture significantly
into the new biofuels, getting its toes wet in 2002 by providing money to a Canadian company called Iogen Corporation to research making
ethanol from
plant waste.