Sentences with word «ploidy»
Understanding the influence of ploidy on evolution is only possible through experimental evolution organisms such as yeast.
phys.org
To address key questions of meiotic ploidy reduction, we screen for and characterise novel meiotic proteins, focusing on proteins that are specifically involved in meiotic chromosome segregation and chromosome dynamics in mice.
Despite the importance of meiosis, the molecular basis of meiotic ploidy reduction - the defining feature of meiosis - remains little understood at the molecular and mechanistic level.
Segments labeled «hypervariable» indicate that coverage does not support normal ploidy but coverage is highly variable across the sequenced genome and the 52 reference genomes and is without appreciable clustering.
«Our lab has developed new methods to transiently and reversibly alter ploidy for the first time.
A Hidden Markov Model Approach for Simultaneously Estimating Local Ancestry and Admixture Time Using Next Generation Sequence Data in Samples of Arbitrary Ploidy Corbett - Detig, R., R. Nielsen.
«Collectively, this work fills a gap in our understanding of how ploidy impacts adaptation, and provides empirical support for the hypothesis that diploid populations have altered access to beneficial mutations,» says Marad.
Indeed, triploidy is the most efficient ploidy level for the agronomic performance in banana.
This process involves ploidy changes (1n → 2n → 1n) via self cell — cell fusion or endoreplication, meiosis, and sporulation to produce haploid meiotic progeny.
«We show that diploids adapt more slowly than haploids, that ploidy alteres the spectrum of beneficial mutations, and that the prevalence of homozygous mutations depends on their genomic position,» says Marad.
Not only can yeast undergo as many as ten generations in a 24 - hour period, it can also be stably maintained at different ploidies.
They further noted that those with a diploid state appeared to have an advantage over other ploidy types.
Some notable conclusions from the authors include: diploids are the most fit ploidy; copy number variation (CNV) is the most prevalent type of variation; most single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are very rare alleles in the population; extensive loss of heterozygosity is observed among many strains.
Due to either or both tumor heterogeneity and / or normal contamination (presence of DNA from normal cells in the tumor sample), coverage levels may not correspond to integer - valued ploidy.
Variations in the normal ploidy are referred to as aneuploidy (gain or loss of whole chromosomes) and polyploidy (gain of multiple sets of chromosomes).
Although domesticated isolates exhibit high variation in ploidy, aneuploidy and genome content, genome evolution in wild isolates is mainly driven by the accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
A Hidden Markov Model Approach for Simultaneously Estimating Local Ancestry and Admixture Time Using Next Generation Sequence Data in Samples of Arbitrary Ploidy.
We are also investigating the mechanisms controlling cell - to - cell fusion, and how ploidy is controlled in reprogrammed hybrids.
As part of an ongoing functional genomic screening approach, we have been using microarray analysis and next generation sequencing to identify mouse genes that are specifically expressed in meiosis, and are likely involved in aspects of chromosome biology that are required for meiotic ploidy reduction.
One pivotal aspect of meiotic chromosome biology and meiotic ploidy reduction is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division.
One of the first to focus on the number of chromosome sets (ploidy) and implantation rate of D7 embryos, the study provides the largest data set available on pregnancy outcomes after transfer of D7 blastocysts (embryos at an early stage of development).
The analysis of the ploidy of minichromosomes in cells that are released from arrest demonstrates that the sister molecules are properly segregated when the cell cycle block is removed.
Previous research into the exact function of polyploid liver cells has been limited, in part because it has been difficult to change the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell, or ploidy, without introducing permanent mutations in genes that may also affect other cellular activities, such as division, regeneration, or cancer development.
Lang says a key takeaway from the paper is that ploidy, which varies considerably in the natural world, has a significant effect on how genomes can and will evolve.
They noted also that the number of chromosome sets (ploidy) in the yeast cells had an impact on fitness across all of those species tested.
Changes in the manipulation medium, as well as a move from late to early stages after first appearance of pronuclei, produced blastocysts which were statistically indistinguishable from those produced in normal IVF by measures of morphology, ploidy and gene expression.
The team's work highlights this by presenting a comprehensive view of genome evolution on many different levels (e.g., differences in ploidy, aneuploidy, genetic variants, hybridization, and introgressions) that is difficult to obtain at the same scale and accuracy for other eukaryotic organisms.
Our lab studies various aspects of chromosome biology ranging from the maintenance of chromosome ends by telomerase to meiosis, hybridization and ploidy.
9: Aneuploidy and Ploidy in the Endosperm: Dosage, Imprinting, and Maternal Effects on Development